James Naismith (November 6, 1861 - November 28, 1939) is a physician educator, physician, priest, sports trainer and innovator from Canada. He found the basketball game at the age of 30 in 1891. He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program. Naismith lives to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939).
Born in Canada, Naismith studied physical education at McGill University in Montreal before moving to the United States, where he designed the game at the end of 1891 while teaching at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. Seven years after creating a basketball, Naismith received his medical degree in Denver in 1898. He then arrived at the University of Kansas, then became an athletic director and coach of Kansas Jayhawks. While a trainer in Kansas, Naismith trained Phog Allen, who then coached in Kansas for 39 seasons, started a long and prestigious training branch. Allen then went on to train the legends including Adolph Rupp and Dean Smith, among them, who trained themselves many famous players and coaches of the future. Despite coaching his final season in 1907, Naismith is still the only coach in the history of Kansas man basketball with a record losing.
Video James Naismith
Initial years
Naismith was born in 1861 in Almonte (now part of Mississippi Mills), Ontario, Canada to Scottish immigrants. He never had a middle name and never signed his name with the beginning of "A". The "A" was added by someone in administration at the University of Kansas.
Struggling at school but talented in agricultural work, Naismith spends his days outside playing catch, hide and seek, or duck on a stone, a medieval game where one guards a huge drake rock from an opposing player, who tries to knock it down by throwing a rock smaller to him. To play the most effective rock ducks, Naismith soon discovered that soft-throwing shots were much more effective than straight throws, a thought that later proved important for the invention of basketball. Orphaned since the beginning of his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for years and attended elementary school at Bennies Corners near Almonte. Then he enrolled at Almonte High School, in Almonte, Ontario, from where he graduated in 1883.
That same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. Despite being depicted as a small figure, standing 5 feet 10 ½ and enrolled at 178 pounds, he is a talented and versatile athlete, representing McGill in Canadian football, lacrosse, rugby, soccer and gymnastics. He plays the center on the football team, and makes himself some cushion to protect his ears. It's for personal use, not team use. He won several Wicksteed medals for his outstanding gymnastics show. Naismith earned a BA in Physical Education (1888) and a Diploma at Presbyterian College in Montreal (1890). From 1891, Naismith taught physical education and became McGill's first athletic director, but later left Montreal to become a physical education teacher at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Kolese Springfield: Penemuan Bola Basket
At Springfield YMCA, Naismith fought with a rowdy class that was limited to indoor games throughout the harsh New England winter and therefore constantly became tempered. Under Dr.'s orders. Luther Gulick, head of Physical Education Springfield YMCA, Naismith was given 14 days to create an indoor game that will provide "athletic disorder": Gulick demands that there is not much room, can help his track athletes to maintain fitness and expressly emphasize to "make it fair to all players and not too rough. "
In his quest for a new game, Naismith is guided by three main thoughts. First, he analyzed the most popular games of the day (rugby, lacrosse, soccer, soccer, hockey, and baseball); Naismith noticed the danger of the ball and concluded that the big soft ball was safe. Secondly, he noticed that physical contact most often occurs when running with a ball, herding or hitting him, so he decides that passing is the only choice of law. Finally, Naismith further reduces body contact by making the goal untenable, ie placing it high above the head of the player. To score goals, he forced the players to throw a soft throwing shots that proved effective in his old favorite game of duck on a rock. Naismith baptizes this new game "Basketball" and puts his thoughts together in 13 basic rules.
The first game "Basketball" was played in December 1891. In a handwritten report, Naismith described the situation of the inaugural match; Unlike modern basketball, players play nine against nine, handle soccer balls instead of basketball, and instead of shooting in two circles, the target is a pair of peach baskets: "When Mr. Stubbins brot [ sic ] up the peach basket to the gym I secure them on the inside of the gate fence It's about 10 feet from the floor, one at each end of the gym.I then put 13 rules on the bulletin board just behind the instructor platform, securing the soccer ball and awaiting class arrival. The class did not show great enthusiasm but followed my lead... I then explained what they had to do to make a goal, to throw a ball between two midfielders & try to keep them close to the rules. to run with the ball, although handling the man with the ball was unusual. "Unlike modern basketball, the original rule does not include ap a known today as a dribble. Because the ball can only be moved onto the pitch through the throw of the early players to throw the ball over their heads as they run to court. Also following every "goal", a jump ball is taken in the middle of the field. Both practices are obsolete in modern basketball rules.
In a radio interview in January 1939, Naismith gave more details about the first game and the initial rule used:
I pointed out two peach baskets that I did at each end of the gym, and I told them that the idea was to throw the ball into the peach basket of the opposing team. I blew the whistle, and the first basketball game started.... Children start tackling, kicking and punching in their hands. They ended up free in the middle of the gym floor. [Injured victims: several black eyes, one shoulder apart and one player unconscious.] "That must be murder." [Naismith changed some rules as part of his effort to develop a clean sport.] The most important thing is that there should be no running with the ball. It stopped tackling and hitting. We tried the game with [new] (violation) rules, and we did not have any victims.
In 1892, basketball had grown so popular on campus that Dennis Horkenbach (editor-in-chief of The Triangle , the Springfield campus newspaper) presented it in an article titled "A New Game", and there was a call for calling this new game "Naismith Ball", but Naismith refused. In 1893, basketball was introduced internationally by the YMCA movement. From Springfield, Naismith went to Denver where he obtained his medical degree and in 1898 he joined the faculty of the University of Kansas at Lawrence, Kansas.
Lambert G. Will's family has claimed that Dr. Naismith borrowed a component for a basketball game from Will to dispute the only Naismith making game, citing alleged photographs and letters.
Maps James Naismith
University of Kansas
The University of Kansas basketball program officially began following Naismith's arrival in 1898, which was six years after Naismith drafted the first official sports rules. Naismith was not originally employed to train basketball, but as director of chapel and physical education instructor. In the early days, the majority of basketball games were played against the closest YMCA teams, with YMCA across the nation having played an integral part in the birth of basketball. Other common opponents are Haskell Indian Nations University and William Jewell College. Under Naismith, the team played only one of the current Big 12 schools: Kansas State (once). Naismith, ironically, was the only coach in the history of the program to have a losing record (55-60). However, Naismith coached Forrest "Phog" Allen, his successor in Kansas, who later joined his mentor at the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. When Allen became his own coach and told him that he would train basketball at Baker University in 1904, Naismith downplayed him: "You can not train basketball; you just play it." Instead, Allen started a coaching career that would lead him to be known as "Father of Basketball Training." During his time in Kansas, Allen coached Dean Smith (1952 National Championship team) and Adolph Rupp (1922 Helms Foundation National Championship team). Smith and Rupp have joined Naismith and Allen as members of the Basketball Hall of Fame.
By the turn of the century, there were quite a number of college teams in the East that the first inter-college competition could be played. Although the sport continues to grow, Naismith long regarded the game as a curiosity and likes gymnastics and wrestling as a form of physical activity better. However, basketball became a demonstration sport at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. Louis. As Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame reports, Naismith is also not interested in self-promotion or in the competitive sports glory. Instead, he was more interested in his physical education career, receiving an honorary PE Master's degree in 1910, a four-month Mexican border patrol in 1916, traveling to France, publishing two books (A Modern College in 1911 and Essence of a Healthy Life in 1918). He took American citizenship in 1925. In 1909, the Naismith duties in Kansas were redefined as professorship; he served as de facto athletic director in Kansas for much of the early 20th century.
In 1935, the National Association of Basketball Coaches (collected by Naismith's disciple Phog Allen) raised money so that the 74-year-old Naismith was able to witness the introduction of basketball into the official Olympic Games Olympic Games program of 1936. There, Naismith distributed medals to three the North American team: the United States, for the gold medal, Canada, for the silver medal, and Mexico, for their bronze medal victory. During the Olympics, he was appointed honorary president of the International Basketball Federation. When Naismith came back he commented that seeing the game played by many countries was the greatest compensation he could receive for his invention. In 1937, Naismith played a role in the formation of the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball, which later became the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).
Naismith became emeritus professor in Kansas when he retired in 1937 at the age of 76. Including his years as a coach, Naismith served as an athletic director and faculty at school for a total of nearly 40 years. Naismith died in 1939 after he suffered a fatal brain hemorrhage. She is buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence, Kansas. His main work "Basketball - Origins and Development" was published posthumously in 1941. In Lawrence, Kansas, James Naismith has a road named in his honor, Naismith Drive, which runs in front of Allen Fieldhouse (Allen Fieldhouse's official address is 1651 Naismith Drive) basketball university. The university also named the court at Allen Fieldhouse James Naismith Court in his honor, though Naismith has the worst record in school history. Naismith Hall, a college dormitory hostel, is located on the northeastern edge of 19th Street and Naismith Drive.
Head coaching record
In 1898, Naismith became the first basketball coach at the University of Kansas. He compiled a 55-60 record and ironically the only losing coach in Kansas history. Naismith is at the start of a massive and prestigious coaching tree, when he coaches Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Phog Allen, who coaches Dean Smith's Hall of Fame coach Adolph Rupp and Ralph Miller who also train future trainers.
Legacy
Naismith invented the game of basketball and wrote 13 original rules of this sport as opposed to the NBA rule book featuring 66 pages. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts was named in his honor, and he was the first pioneer in 1959. The National Athletics Association Collegiate rewards its best players and coaches every year with the Naismith Awards, among them Naismith Tennis Players of the Year, Trainers Naismith College of the Year and Preparatory Players Naismith of the Year. After the introduction of the Olympics for men's basketball in 1936, women's basketball became an Olympic event in Montreal during the 1976 Summer Olympics. Naismith was also inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the Hall of Fame Sports Ontario, Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, University Hall of McGill University, Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame, FIBA ​​Hall of Fame, and Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, named in his honor. FIBA World Cup Basketball is named "Trophy James Naismith" in his honor. On June 21st, 2013, Dr. Naismith was inducted into the Kansas Hall of Fame during a ceremony in Topeka.
The home town of Naismith, Almonte, Ontario, hosts an annual 3-in-3 tournament for all ages and skill levels to honor it. Each year the event attracts hundreds of participants and involves more than 20 half-field matches along the city's main roads. All proceeds from the event go to the youth basketball program in the area.
Today's basketball is played by over 300 million people worldwide, making it one of the most popular sports teams. In North America, basketball has produced some of the most admired athletes of the 20th century. ESPN and Associated Press both polled to name the greatest North American athletes of the 20th century. Michael Jordan's basketball player entered first in the ESPN poll and second (behind Babe Ruth) in an AP poll. Both polls featured fellow Wilt Chamberlain (from KU, like Naismith) basketball players and Bill Russell in the Top 20.
The original basketball rule written by James Naismith in 1891, regarded as a basketball founding document, was auctioned off at Sotheby's, New York in December 2010. Josh Swade, a University alumni and basketball enthusiast, continued the crusade in 2010 to persuade the alumni who have the capital to consider the offer and may win the document at auction to be awarded to the University of Kansas. Swade eventually persuaded David G. Booth, a billionaire investment banker and KU alumnus, and his wife Suzanne Booth to commit to an offer at auction. Booth won the bid and purchased the document for a record $ 4,338,500 USD, the most heavily paid for sporting memorabilia items, and gave the document to the University of Kansas. The Swade project and success were finally recorded in ESPN 30 of 2012 for 30 documentaries "No Place Like Home" and in the corresponding book, "The Holy Grail of Hoops: One Fans Mission to Purchase Original Basketball Rules". The University of Kansas built a $ 18 million building called the Debruce Center, which became the site of the regulation and opened in March 2016.
Personal life
James Naismith is the second son of Margaret and John Naismith, two Scottish immigrants. His mother, Margaret Young, was born in 1833 and immigrated to Lanark County, Canada in 1852 as the fourth child of 11 children. His father, John Naismith, born in 1833, left Europe when he was 18 years old, and also settled in Lanark County. On June 20, 1894, Naismith married Maude Evelyn Sherman (1870-1937) in Springfield, MA, USA. The couple has five children: Margaret Mason (Stanley) (1895-1976), Helen Carolyn (Dodd) (1897-1980), John Edwin (1900-1986), Maude Ann (Dawe) (1904-1972) and James Sherman ( 1913-1980). He is a member of Pi Gamma Mu community and Sigma Phi Epsilon. Naismith is a Presbyterian minister, and is also remembered as a Freemason. Maude Naismith died in 1937, and on June 11, 1939, he married his second wife, Florence B. Kincaid. On November 19 of that year, Naismith suffered a major brain hemorrhage and died nine days later at his home in Lawrence, Kansas. Naismith is 78 years old. Incidentally, Naismith died eight months after the birth of the NCAA Basketball Championship, which today has grown to become one of North America's biggest sporting events. Naismith is buried with his first wife at Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence, Kansas. Florence Kincaid died in 1977 at the age of 98 and was buried with her first husband, Dr. Frank B. Kincaid, at Elmwood Cemetery in Beloit, Kansas.
During his lifetime, Naismith holds the following education and academic positions:
See also
- The Original James Naismith Basket Rules
References
Information notes
Quotes
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Naismith, James (1996) [1941], Bola basket: asal dan pengembangannya , Universitas Nebraska Press, ISBNÂ 0 -8032-8370-9
- Hujan, Rob; Carpenter, Hellen (2009). James Naismith: The Man Who Invented Basketball Temple University Press, ISBN 978-1-4399-0133-5
Tautan eksternal
- Hall of Fame profil bola basket
- Museum Naismith di Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Kanada; memiliki informasi tentang Yayasan Naismith (Lihat "Tentang Kami")
- Profil Hall of Fame FIBA ​​
- Karya oleh atau tentang James Naismith di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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