George Rhoads (born January 27, 1926) is an American contemporary painter, sculptor, and origami master. He is famous for his strange audiocinetic sculptures at airports, science museums, shopping centers, children's hospitals and other public places around the world.
Video George Rhoads
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George Rhoads was born in Evanston, Illinois, the oldest of four children. His father, Paul S. Rhoads, is a physician and professor of internal medicine at Northwestern University. His mother, Hester Chapin Rhoads, was trained as an interior decorator.
Rhoads attended the University of Chicago with the aim of studying physics and mathematics. After getting enough credit to complete an associate's degree, Rhoads began taking design classes and drawing at the Art Institute of Chicago. Two years later he left Chicago and moved to New York City to become a painter. His work focused on portraits and impressionistic city scenes, but he was not successful critically or financially.
In 1952, Rhoads moved to Paris to continue painting. It was there that he met American origami artist Gershon Legman who introduced him with origami art and the work of Akira Yoshizawa. This meeting sparked interest in Rhoads and he started practicing origami and creating new folds. His most prominent contribution on the field is known as Blintzed Bird Base, now a standard origami fold that is used to make animals with four legs, two ears, and one tail from a sheet of paper.
Maps George Rhoads
Audiokinetic Ball Sculpture
In the 1960s, Rhoads began experimenting with metal sculptures that produced kinetic sounds. As he describes these early machines: "You have a variety of things that happen in succession.The little balls that roll up the track are the motive forces that hit the hammer that touches the xylophone bar or blows the whistle." After seeing the exhibition of the Rhoads ball machine in Greenwich Village, the sculptor Hans Van de Bovenkamp hired him to create a device for use in his metal fountain. Eventually, Rhoads began to create their own fountain. Rhoads continues to develop its audio-kinetic sculptures and his work became famous nationally after being featured in The David Frost Show and the Today show. In the early 1970s, the shopping mantle, David Bermant, commissioned Rhoads to create audiokinetic sculptures for its shopping centers in Rochester, NY, and Hamden, CT, and for many years thereafter continued to promote and sell Rhoads.
The Rhoads statues are known for their precise mechanisms such as needles that are set by weight and time while still maintaining the appearance of spontaneity and randomness. He promotes the concept that the machine itself is a work of art, and his works are designed to unveil the machine and stimulate the reaction of viewers. The modernist sculptor and Professor Emeritus at Princeton University, James Seawright, said of the Rhoads statues: "they embody almost all the basic elements of the machine, combined in various confusing ways.There is a level of genius behind complex mechanical mechanisms."
In response to the growing number of commissions, Rhoads partnered with Robert McGuire to create his sculptures at RockStream Studios in Ithaca, NY. The studios and strange Rhoads statues were later featured in an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
In 1981, Rhoads was commissioned to build a statue entitled 42nd Street Ballroom for the New York/New Jersey Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City, which ushered in a production period for larger monumental ball sculptures. In this large machine, the chain-driven lifter carries the ball over the statue. Then, just by using gravity, the ball runs down several different tracks that circle, rotate, and spin. The ball triggers motion, hitting objects, ringing bells, gongs, chimes, drums and even icons, allowing each machine to create its own music. Once the ball reaches the bottom of the statue, it is lifted up and the process continues.
Over the past fifty years, Rhoads statues have been installed in public spaces and private collections around the world. The pieces have sizes ranging from small sculptures mounted on walls to machines that fill the entire room and reach many stories. Some of his works include permanent museum collections at institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Art Institute of Chicago. Almost all of the sculpture still operates today, and has been known for its popularity with the public.
In 2007, Creative Machines (located in Tucson, AZ) took over making Rhoads sculptures, and continues the tradition of Rhoads art today. Creative machines continue to use techniques developed by George Rhoads in their ball sculptures by combining the same fabrication methods, design elements, and strategies for creating reliable and durable sculptures.
Selected public works
42nd Street Ballroom, Port Authority Bus Terminal, NY, NY
Exercises in Fugality, Logan Airport, Terminal A, Boston, MA
Science on a Roll, Technology Innovation Museum, San Jose, CA Archimedean Excogitation, Science Museum, Boston, MA
Uridice, Discovery Science Center, Costa Mesa, CA
Maquina del Vacilon, Papalote Museo del Nino, Mexico City, Mexico
Celestial Balldergarten, Philadelphia International Airport, Philadelphia, PA
Global Enerjoy, Energy Pavilion of the Future, Sevilla Expo '92, Seville, Spain
Incrediball Circus II, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
Angel of Music, Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, CA. Life Renews Itself ,? Saka Namba Station, Osaka, Japan
Color Coaster, Stepping Stones Museum for Kids, Norwalk, CT
Daydream Newton, Clark Planetarium, Salt Lake City, Utah | Pythagoras Fantasy, College of Engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Based on Balls, Chase Field, Phoenix, AZ.
Loopy Link, Sea Adventure, Royal Caribbean Shipping Lines - Funkinetic, Singapore Science Center, Singapore
Eureka, Discovery Communications, Bethesda Maryland
Electric Ball Circus, ABT Electronic, Glenville, IL.
Kinetikon, Taiwan National Science Education Center, Taipei, Taiwan Cavortech, Avampato Discovery Museum, Charleston, WV
Sisyphus Tower, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City Oklahoma | Life is Ball, WMS Gaming, Waukegan, IL
Magic Menagerie, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Untitled Title, Science Center of Edmonton (formerly in West Edmonton Mall)
Museum/collection
Museum
Museum of Modern Art, NYC - reviews, photos Institute of Art Chicago, Illinois Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, Ohio The Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut Reviews
Collection
Leonard Bernstein
Malcolm Forbes - Lawrence Tisch
David Elliot Herbert Adler
Yevgeny Yevtushenko
David Bermant
William Marsteller
American Scientific Company
Westinghouse Electric Company - Indonesia
References
Bibliography
- Chocolate, Suzanne. "The Machine for Automatic Spontaneity Arrives Arrives at the Museum." Press release for exhibition at Arnot Art Museum, Elmira, NY, 1975.
- The case, Richard G. "Audiokinetic Exhibition Star in Everson." Syracuse Herald-American February 8, 1976: 30.
- Crawford, Franklin. Colossuses of Rhoads. "Ithaca Journal. Nov. 10, 1989: B12.
- Donnelly, Kathleen. "All New Ball Games." San Jose Mercury News Jan. 5th. 1995: C1.
- Gibson, Sheila. "Follow the Bounce Ball." Robb Report. December 2000: 102-03.
- Hall, Tony. "Moving Statue, Noisy George Rhoads." Ithaca Times July 12, 1984: 16-18.
- James, Rebecca. "The Last Quantum Leap." Syracuse Herald-American October 2, 1994: 17-19.
- Johnson, Emily Rhoads. Wizard at Work: The Life and Art of George Rhoads. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Pub., 2010.
- Kelly, Lili. "Ball Machines Mix Gravity and Levity." Ithaca Child. Winter 1994.
- Kostelanetz, Richard. "Clumper Upper to Wok Dumper to slide into Helix to Block." Smithsonian October 1988: 135-45.
- "Sculpture Funhouse." New York Times May 31, 1987: 28-31.
- Melrod, George.
- Meras, Phyllis. "Island Artist Makes a Spinning Machine but Not Burdensome." Vineyard Gazette March 27, 1970:
- The offender, Eric, ed. Painter in Painting. Mineola, New York: Dover Pub., Inc., 1997: 270-271.
- Rhoads, George. Interview in the museum catalog with Louise Weinberg, Asst. Queens Museum exhibition curator: "George Rhoads: Audiokinetic Statue," July 30-September. 20, 1987.
- Schoch, Deborah. "Ping, Blip, Bong." Ithaca Journal, September 20, 1983.
- Schwartz, Wylie. "All Eyes in Rhoads." Ithaca Times, March 19, 2008: 7-9.
- Sherman, Tamar Asedo. "What's Strang Strange?" Ithaca Journal, September 20, 1983.
- Spring, Justin. Reviews exhibit at Ruth Siegel Gallery, New York. Art Forum April 1992:
- Winter, Metta. "Art in Motion." Shopping Center Today May 1988.
- "Krazy Kinetic Kontraptions." Christian Science Monitor February 5, 1988: 21-22.
- "Mesmerizing Machines." SKY Magazine May 1988: 28-34.
- Zimmer, William. "Art for the Public with an element of Pleasure." New York Times July 22, 1984: 22.
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