A bezoar is a mass that is trapped in the gastrointestinal system, although it may occur in other locations. A pseudobezoar is an intolerable object that was deliberately introduced into the digestive system.
There are several bezoar varieties, some of which have inorganic constituents and others are organic. The term has modern (medical, scientific) and traditional uses.
Video Bezoar
Type
With content
- The food bolus (or boli: single bolus) carries the ancient and positive meaning of the bezoar, and consists of loose aggregates of foods such as seeds, piths, or holes, and other types of goods such as lacquer, chewing gum, soil, and concrete from several drugs.
- Lactobezoar is a special kind of bezoar food consisting of inspected milk. This is most often seen in premature infants who receive formula foods.
- Pharmacobezoars (or drug bezoars) are mostly tablets or semiliquid mass of drugs, usually found after continuous drug overdose.
- Phytobezoars consists of indigestible plant material (eg cellulose), and is often reported in patients with indigestion and decreased gastric motility.
- Diospyrobezoar is a type of phytobezoar formed from an immature persimmon. Coca-Cola has been used in care.
- Trichobezoar is a bezoar formed from hair - an extreme form of hairball. Humans who often consume hair sometimes need this to be removed. Rapunzel's syndrome, a very rare and extreme case, may require surgery.
By location
- A bezoar in the esophagus is common in young children and on horses. In a horse, it is known as choking.
- The bezoar in the colon is known as fecalith.
- A bezoar in a trachea is called a tracheobezoar.
Maps Bezoar
Cause
- The esophageal bezoar in patients who are nasogastrically fed on mechanical ventilation and sedation has been reported to be caused by the deposition of certain casein-rich foods, precipitated by acid reflux to form the esophageal bezoar. Bezoar cow (bezoar cow) is used in Chinese herbology, where they are called niu-huang (??) or bovis calculus . These are gallstones, or substitutes, of bile's gall or cow bile. There is an artificial calculus bovis used as a substitute. It is made from a cholic acid derived from bovine bile. In some products, they claim to remove "toxins" from the body.
History
Bezoars have value because they are believed to have universal repellent forces against any toxins. Tradition holds that drinking glass containing bezoar will neutralize the poison poured into it. The word "bezoar" comes from the Persian p? D-zahr ( ?????? ), which literally means "poison bidder."
Andalusian physician Ibn Zuhr (d.1161), known in the West as Avenzoar, is thought to have made the earliest description of the bezoar stone as a medicine. Extensive references for bezoars also appear in Picatrix , which may originate earlier.
In 1575, the French surgeon Ambroise ParÃÆ' © © describes experiments to test the properties of bezoar stones. At that time, bezoar stones were thought to be able to cure the effects of toxins, but Parà © believes this is impossible. It happened that a cook in the king's palace was caught stealing fine silverware and sentenced to death by hanging. The cook agreed to be poisoned instead. Ambroise ParÃÆ' © then using bezoar stones to no avail, because the cook died in pain seven hours after taking poison. ParÃÆ' © has proved that bezoar stones can not cure all toxins, contrary to popular beliefs at the time.
The modern examination of the bezoar properties by Gustaf Arrhenius and Andrew A. Benson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography has shown that they can, when immersed in a solution coated with arsenic, secrete toxins. The toxic compounds in arsenic are arsenic and arsenite. Each one is dealt differently, but effectively, with bezoar stones. Arsenate is removed in exchange for phosphate in brushite minerals, a crystal structure found in stone. Arsenite was found to bind sulfur compounds in a degraded hair protein, which is a key component in bezoars.
The famous case of the common law of England ( Chandelor v Lopus , 79 Eng Rep 3, Cro. Jac. 4, Eng.Ch.Exch 1603) announces the rule of caveat emptor "let buyers be careful") if the goods they buy are actually not genuine and effective. The case involves a buyer demanding a return on the purchase price of a fraudulently alleged bezoar. (The legal report does not discuss how the plaintiff found that the bezoar did not work.)
Bezoars are important items in curious cabinets and natural history collections, especially for use in early modern pharmacies and animal health studies.
The Merck Diagnosis and Treatment notes that unprocessed persimmon consumption has been identified as the cause of intestinal bezoar epidemics, and up to 90% of bezoars occurring from eating too much fruit require surgery for removal.
A 2012 study noted that patients with standard stomach bezoars were successfully treated with 2 weeks of Traditional Chinese Medicine, after which the stone was dissolved without adverse side effects.
A 2013 review of three databases identified 24 publications presenting 46 patients treated with Coca-Cola for phytobezoars. Kola is given in a dose of 500 mL to 3000 mL for 24 hours, orally or with gastric lavage. As many as 91.3% of patients had complete resolution after treatment with Coca-Cola: 50% after single treatment, others required cola plus endoscopic removal. The doctor was forced to perform surgical removal in four cases.
See also
- Bezoardicum
- Enterolith
- Gorochana
- Regurgitalith
- The snake stone
- Toadstone
- List of English words from the original Persian
- Treatment of Coca-Cola phytobezoars
- Goa Stone
References
Note
Bibliography
- Barry Levine. 1999. Forensic Toxicology Principle . Amer. Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry. ISBNÃ, 1-890883-87-5.
- MartÃÆ'n-Gil FJ, Blanco-ÃÆ' varez JI, Barrio-Arredondo MT, Ramos-Sanchez MC, Martin-Gil J. Jejunal bezoar caused by a piece of apple skin - Presse Med, 1995 February 11 ; 24 (6): 326.
- The Poison Sleuths: Arsenic - King of Poison. Retrieved 10 March 2007. (This webpage is reprinted by the author of an article originally published in the 1997 edition of Science Reporter, published by the National Institute of Science Communication (CSIR) in India.) In Archive.is (archive 2012 -12-05 )
- This article combines text from publications now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim (ed.). "Bezoar". CyclopÃÆ'Â|dia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences Universal . James and John Knapton, et al.
Further reading
- Borschberg, Peter, "Euro-Asian Trade in the Bezoar Stones (about 1500-1700)", Arts and Culture Exchange between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900: Rethinking Markets, Workshops, and Collectibles , ed. Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann and Michael North, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010, pp.Ã, 29-43. https://www.academia.edu/4311591
- Borschberg, Peter, "Trade, Forgery, and the Use of Porcupine Bezoar Drugs in the Early Modern Period (c.1500-1750)", ed. Carla Alferes Pinto, Oriente , vol. 14, Lisbon: FundaÃÆ'§ÃÆ' £ o Oriente, 2006.
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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