Women's basketball is one of the few women's sports that develops together with their male counterparts. It became popular, spreading from the east coast of the United States to the west coast, mostly through women's colleges. From 1895 to 1970, the term "women's basketball" was also used to refer to netball, which evolved in parallel with modern women's basketball.
The FIBA ​​Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature the top national team of the continental championship. Major League of North America is WNBA (NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular), while the strongest European clubs participate in EuroLeague Women.
Video Women's basketball
Women's early basketball
The women's basketball started in the winter of 1892 at Smith College. Senda Berenson, an instructor at Smith, teaches basketball to his students, hoping it will improve their physical health. Early adherents Basketball affiliated with YMCA and colleges across the United States, and the game quickly spread throughout the country.
However, Berenson takes risks just by teaching the game to women. She worries a bit about women who suffer from "exhausted nervousness" if the game is too heavy for them. And, in order to remain "accepted" for women to play at all, he teaches modified rules. This includes courts divided into three regions and nine players per team. Three players are assigned to each area (guard, center, forward) and can not cross the line to other areas. The ball is moved from section to section by passing or dribbling. The player is limited to three sleighs and can hold the ball for three seconds. Nothing grabbing or hitting the ball from a player is allowed. A central stepping is required after each score. Peach and football spots are the equipment. The uniform consists of clothing similar to a school uniform, including long baggy trousers. Meanwhile the women's basketball uniform today consists of a t-shirt and sport shorts. Variations of Berenson rules are spread across the country through the YMCA and colleges.
The first women's basketball game was played between teams from Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley, in 1896.
Maps Women's basketball
Latest women's basketball
The popularity of women's basketball continues to grow throughout the world for decades. In the 1970s the sport had attracted the attention of the International Olympic Committee, which added women's basketball as the official sport of the Olympics in 1976, the men debuted in 1936. Throughout the 1970s, funding for basketball (and interests) women began to increase dramatically as schools receiving federal funds began to comply with the new law mandating a lack of discrimination on the basis of sex. The sport is also gaining attention at the college level, under the auspices of the Association of Athletes for Space Athletes for Women (AIAW). Major developments in women's basketball took place in 1982 when the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began sponsoring the sport. After several unsuccessful attempts at professional women's leagues in the US, the NBA established the WNBA in 1996.
Rules and tools
The rules for women's basketball are almost the same as for men's basketball. The most striking difference is the female basketball circle an inch (2.5 cm) less than the circumference of a male basketball. Also, in professional American basketball, the women's three-point line is slightly closer to the basket than the man.
Basketball Size
The WNBA ball rule is a minimum of 28.5 inches (72.4 cm) in circumference, which is 1.00 inches (2.54 cm) smaller than the NBA ball. This is a standard size ball 6. In 2008, this measure is used for all senior level female competitions around the world.
Court dimensions
The size of standard courts in US college and WNBA game is 94 feet long with a width of 50 feet. The standard court of FIBA ​​is slightly smaller at 28 meters long by 15 meters wide (91Ã,ft 10.4 inches with 49Ã,ft of 2.6 inches). For most of the distance, the three-point line is 6.75 m (22 ft 2 in) from the middle of the basket under both FIBA ​​rules and WNBA. Near the sidelines, the three-point line runs parallel to the.sideline, at exactly 3 feet in WNBA and 0.9 m in FIBA ​​playing. Under the NCAA rule, the three-point distance is 20Ã, ft 9Ã, (6.32 m) for most of the field width, with a minimum distance of 4Ã, ft 3 in (1.30 m) from the sidelines. WNBA, FIBA ​​and NCAA all use a block arc/charge near each basket, with the WNBA and NCAA spacing at 4 feet (1.2 m) from the center of the basket and FIBA ​​using a slightly wider radius of exactly 1, 25 m (4Ã, ft 1Ã, in).
Shooting clock
The WNBA shooting hours changed from 30 to 24 seconds, which has been in FIBA ​​playing since 2000, and has been used by the NBA since the first hour of its introduction. Both NCAA basketball men and women use a 30 second shooting clock; men use 35 seconds shooting hours until 2015-16 season, when they switch to 30 seconds as well.
Game hours
Most high school games are played with four 8 minutes, while the NCAA, WNBA, and FIBA ​​games are played in four 10 minutes. In 2015-2016 NCAA changes the rule to 10 minutes from 20 minutes.
Government
Women's basketball is arranged internationally by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). Since 1953 FIBA ​​has organized a world championship event for women, currently known as the FIBA ​​Women's Basketball World Cup. The renamed event of the "FIBA World Championship" for Women "after the 2014 edition, is currently held at non-Summer Olympic events. There are some concerns about sports coverage after a government agency has banned Muslim women from playing headscarves.
Level of competition
University
The new student Berenson played a sophomore class at the first women's college basketball competition held on March 22, 1893. The University of California and Miss Head's School, had played the first female extradural game in 1892. Also in 1893, Mount Holyoke and Sophie Newcomb College, by Clara Gregory Baer, ​​the inventor of Newcomb ball) women started playing basketball. By 1895, the game had spread to colleges across the country, including Wellesley, Vassar, and Bryn Mawr. The first women's inter-college match was on April 4, 1896. Stanford ladies playing California, 9-on-9, ended in a 2-1 Stanford win. Clara Gregory Baer published the first rule book for women's basketball in 1895 she was first called the game 'Basquette', a name that was later crossed out in a revised rule called Newcomb College Basketball Rules published in 1908. In 1971, five players, full court adopted followed by a women's sports foundation formed in 1974.
Women's college basketball remains very popular throughout North America, with sports sponsored by all college athletic associations: NCAA, NAIA, NJCAA, NCCAA, CCAA and CIS. Division I of the NCAA is considered the highest level of competition in college, with the winner of the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship annual game declared a 'national champion'. The University of Connecticut Huskies has won four NCAA Division I national championships (2013-2016).
Professional league
There are several professional leagues established in several countries including the United States, Europe, Japan, the UK and Australia.
International Competition
Although initially an American sport, it is rapidly spreading the international players and outstanding teams found today around the world. Women's basketball leagues now exist in most parts of the world including Australia, Asia, South America, and Europe.
Olympics
Women's basketball has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1976.
Additional International Competitions
In addition to the Olympic and Women's World Cups, women's basketball is also contested at Pan American Games and Central American and Caribbean Games. Women's basketball first appeared at the Commonwealth Games in 2006. Basketball (for men and women) is one sport that can be chosen by the host country of the Island Games for the competition. Women are also competing in wheelchair basketball at Paralympic Games.
Worldwide
Africa
Women's AfroBasket is a continental women's basketball championship in Africa, played every two years under the auspices of FIBA, the basketball sporting body, and the African zone. The tournament also serves to qualify teams to participate in the FIBA ​​Women's World Cup basketball quadrennial and Olympic basketball tournaments.
America
United States
One of the major important events in the development of women's basketball in the United States is Title IX.
Title IX was passed in 1972 to end sexual discrimination and stereotypes in admission to college as well as in academic subjects (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008). Therefore, the initial purpose of Congress is to eliminate this discrimination in the academic and educational process. "The current Title IX is generally deemed to have improved the problem of sports inequality in sports, at least in educational settings" (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008, 79). It started just because it involved education but then shifted in the sports debate. Some groups like the NCAA struggle to keep things as they refer to men's sport. The NCAA has built programs and gained financial support and popularity and does not want to throw it away (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008). In 1974, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare issued Title IX regulations on athletic inter (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008). Title IX implies that if the school has a sports team specifically for boys then they should have a team in the same sport for girls. This will happen unless men's sport happens as a contact sport where rules will not apply (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008). In 1978, colleges and universities were forced to apply Title IX rules and regulations. The athletic department must adhere to any of the three requirements that constitute the rule of proportionality, the rules of gender equality, or the rules of historical progress (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008). Each of these requirements addresses Title IX and its rules fairly. To ensure that schools comply with Title IX, they face the consequences of losing federal funds for any offense (Sadker, 2001).
The rule of proportionality requires that schools provide opportunities equal to their enrollment. For example, if the school is 55% male and 45% female then athletic participation should be 55:45 (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008). Not only does the rule of proportionality apply to athletic participation, but also discusses scholarships. "So if a college spends $ 400,000 a year on an athletic scholarship and half of the athletic participants are women, then half of that, $ 200,000, should fund an athletic scholarship for women (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008, 299). gender requires that schools have to prove that "it meets the underrepresented gender interests" (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008, 107) by women.Rules of historical progress require that if schools can not provide proportional opportunities then they should put forth effort to create more opportunities for under-represented gender (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008).
Between 1971 and 2000, Title IX has been shown to have a major impact on women's college sports. "The participation of sports among college women has increased from 372 percent during that time, from 32,000 to over 150,000 women (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008, 108).Also 33.5% of female students participate in sports (McDonagh, Pappano, 2008).The remaining problem is that women's sports outside college do not benefit from Title IX Overall, they generate less income than men in professional sports that Title IX can not do much.But because Title IX some women have gained recognition as a result of the debate. "Female athletes receive greater awards today but media attention is relatively minimal. Accept Title IX for... visibility of growing women's college basketball that has USA Today produced a withdrawal section for the NCAA March Madness women's tournament "(McDonagh, Pappano, 2008, 109).
Professional female basketball has been played in the United States. There are several leagues, most recently the WNBA. The first attempt is Women's Pro Basketball League. The league played three seasons from the fall of 1978 to the spring of 1981. The league is generally regarded as the first professional women's basketball league established.
The second female professional league to be created in the United States is WBA. The league played three seasons from the summer of 1993 to the summer of 1995. The league is considered the first professional female professional basketball league to be the first successful summer league, like the WNBA. The League played three full seasons with plans to play as a 12-team league in 1997 but disbanded before the 1997 season. The WBA played 15 matches and the game was broadcast on Liberty Sports of Dallas. When FOX Sports bought Liberty Sports and WBA, they disbanded the league.
In 1996, two professional women's leagues began in the United States. They are the American Basketball League and WNBA. The American Basketball League was founded in 1996 during an increase in interest in sports after the 1996 Summer Olympics. The league played two full seasons (1996-97 and 1997-98) and started third (1998-99) before being folded on December 22, 1998.
WNBA
The National Women's Basketball Association or WNBA is the organization that regulates professional basketball leagues for women in the United States. The WNBA was formed in 1996 as a female partner for the National Basketball Association, and the league started in 1997. The regular WNBA season is June to September (Spring and Summer of North America). Most of the WNBA teams play in the same place as their NBA counterparts. Most of the team names are also very similar to the NBA team in the same market, such as Washington Wizards and Washington Mystics, Minnesota Timberwolves and Minnesota Lynx.
Formally approved by the NBA Board of Governors on April 24, 1996, the formation of WNBA was first announced at a press conference with Rebecca Lobo, Lisa Leslie and Sheryl Swoopes in attendance. Though not the first major female professional basketball league in the United States (the difference held by the dead WBL), the WNBA is the only league to receive full NBA support.
On the heels of a widely publicized gold medal run by the 1996 National Team of Women's Basketball Women at the 1996 Summer Olympics, WNBA started its first season on June 21, 1997 with much fanfare. The league starts with eight teams. The first WNBA game featured Liberty New York facing the Los Angeles Sparks in Los Angeles and broadcast nationwide, in the United States, on the NBC television network. At the start of the 1997 season, WNBA entered into a television agreement with NBC, ESPN and Lifetime Television Network.
The League is divided into two conferences, the Eastern Conference and the Western Conference. Each of the 12 teams played a regular season 34 match schedule, starting in June and ending in mid-September. Although the WNBA is divided into conferences for scheduling purposes, the WNBA has used one table for playoff qualifying purposes since the 2016 season. The eight teams with the best overall record, regardless of affiliate conferences, compete in WNBA playoffs during September with the WNBA Finals in early October.
All-Star games are usually held in mid-July, while regular games pause for that. In the Olympic years, there is no star game, but a break of about five weeks in the middle of the WNBA season allows players to participate in the Olympics as a member of their national team.
There are a total of 18 teams in WNBA history. A total of five teams have been folded: Charlotte Sting, Cleveland Rockers, Houston Comets, Miami Sol, and Portland Fire. Three other teams have moved, two of them twice and the other one. Utah Starzz has moved twice, first after the 2002 season to San Antonio, where they were first known as the Silver Star and then as Stars, and then after the 2017 season to Las Vegas as Aces. At the same time Starzz moved to San Antonio, Orlando Miracle moved to Uncasville, Connecticut, where they now play as Connecticut Sun. The Detroit Shock moved after the 2009 season to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where they played as Shock Tulsa, and then moved to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex after the 2015 season, now playing Dallas Wings.
Asia
The Women's Basketball Association of China ( WCBA ) is a professional women's basketball league established in 2002.
The Hong Kong Women's Basketball Association is the highest professional women's basketball club competition in Hong Kong.
The India National Basketball Championship for Women is a professional basketball tournament in India for women
Japanese Women's Basketball League is the premiere female basketball league in Japan.
The Lebanese Basketball League or FLB League is the top professional basketball league in Lebanon.
Filipino Women's Basketball League is a women's basketball league in the Philippines
Women's Korean Basketball League WKBL is the premiere female basketball league in South Korea
The Super Girls Basketball is the highest professional women's club basketball competition in the Republic of China
Europe
The Russian Women's Basketball League is the dominant league in Europe (especially since this is the main attraction of WNBA players during lonely season). Other notable league titles are the Italian Basketball League A1 and Turkey.
English
Professional basketball is in England. The English Basketball League is a major professional competition. The league has grown steadily over the last few years, and has now reached the thirty sides of the national league. The league is divided into two levels. Division 1 is as close to professional as the women's sport gets in England, with teams like Rhondda Rebels and Sheffield Hatters bringing players from the United States and Europe. Nottingham Wildcats form a trio of clubs that help build women's leagues and stay between the top three or four places. The gap between the top teams and the rest of the league remains, but gradually as the women's game has progressed, the gulf in the results has diminished, and every year there is a more competitive game.
The promotion of the 2nd Division always strengthens the gap between the two leagues, as the winner of the 2nd division of the play-off campaign has found a difficult step-up. The 2nd play-off division takes the top four teams from the North and South Second Division, with the top playing the bottom of the other pool. This year (2006/7) saw several new teams join the second division, showing the continuous growth of the women's game. These include SevenOaks Suns, Enfield Phoenix, Taunton Tigers and Bristol Storm.
Oceania
Australia
Professional women's basketball is in Australia in the form of the National Women's Basketball League. The League was founded in 1981 as a way for the best women's basketball teams in various states of Australia to compete against each other on a regular basis. Today WNBL is the premier female basketball league in Australia.
Women's basketball in the movie
Documentary
- From Rez - Documentary 2011 for TLC about future WNBA players traveling Shoni Schimmel from an Oregon Indian reservation where he grew up to Portland in high school, and ultimately to Louisville University.
- The Game He Got is based on the success of SMA Brigid Touey Humphrey's basketball
Theatrical release
- Trust me
- Double Works
- Love & amp; Basketball
- The Heart of the Game
- The Mighty Macs
- The Miracle of St. Tammany
- Salaam Dunk
- Win Season
- Female Basketballer No. 5
See also
- The women's basketball timeline
- Basketball
- Netball
- Six-one-six basket
- Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
Note
References
- Grundy, Pamela (2005). Crush the glass . New Press. ISBN: 978-1-56584-822-1.
- Ikard, Robert W. (2005). Just for Fun: AAU Women's Basketball Story . University of Arkansas Press. ISBN: 978-1-55728-889-9. Millen, Ernestine (2002). Make a sign: first and milestone in women's sport . Chicago: Contemporary Books. ISBN: 9780071390538.
- David L. Porter, ed. (2005). Basketball: Biography Dictionary . Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30952-6.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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