The baseball field, also called ball field , sandlot or baseball diamond , is the field where the baseball game is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for baseball parks.
Video Baseball field
Specifications
- Unless otherwise noted, the specifications discussed in this section refer to those described in the Official Baseball Rule, where Major League Baseball is played.
The starting point for most of the action on the ground is a house plate, which is a five-sided white rubber slab, 17 inch (43 cm) square with two corners removed so one side is 17 inches (43 cm) long, the adjacent two sides are 8, 5 inches (22 cm) and the remaining two sides are 12 inches (30 cm) and arranged at an angle to make a dot. Adjacent to each of the two parallel sides of 8.5 inches (22 cm) is a dough box. The point of the home plate where two 12-inch (30 cm) sides meet at right angles is at one of the ninety-foot (27.5 m) square angles. The other three corners of the square, in anticlockwise order from home plate, are called first base, second base, and third base. Three fifteen-inch (38 cm) square canvas bags mark three bases. These three bags together with home plate form four dots in the corners of the field.
All bases, including home plates, are fully within fair territory. Thus, the hit ball that touches the base must be in a fair territory. While the first and third base bags are placed so that they are located within a 90-foot (27 m) square formed by the base, the second base bag is placed so that its center (unlike first, third and house) coincides exactly with the "Point" of ninety feet (27.5 m) middle of the field. Thus, although the "point" of the base is 90 feet (27 m) apart, the physical distance between each marker marker is closer to 88 feet (27 m).
The lines from home plate to first and third base extend to the nearest fence, stand or other obstacle and are called dirty lines. The playing field portion between (and including) the dirty lines is a fair area; the rest is "dirty territory." The area around the square formed by the base is called an infield; a fair area off the field is known as an outlet. Most of the baseball field is enclosed by a fence that marks the outfield outfield. Fences are usually set at ranges from 300 to 420 feet (91 to 128 m) from the home plate. Most professional and college baseball fields have right and left foul poles. These columns are at the intersection of foul lines and the ends of the field fence and, unless otherwise specified in the ground rules, are located in fair territory. Thus, the hit ball that passes through the outfield wall in flight and touches the rotting pole is a fair ball and the dough is awarded the home run.
Maps Baseball field
First base
The first base is the first of four bases to be touched by players on the batting team to score. Unlike when an offensive player reaches the second or third base, it is permissible for a runner to bathe the first base without being in danger of being extinguished. Once the contact is made with the base, the runner may slow down and return to the first base in his spare time, provided he does not move or try to advance to the second base. The runner can not be marked if he touches the base with his body parts.
The first baseman was the defender who was responsible for the area near the first base. A first professional baseman is often a slow and high runner. A high first baseman presents a large target that other fighters can throw, and his height gives him greater reach in reaching and capturing aberrant throws. Left-handed players are a bit better for first base because: first, it's easier for left-handers to catch throws from pitchers and mark basperners; and, secondly, it is easier for the left hand thrower to make a second base throw to start 3-6-3, 3-6-4, or 3-6-1 double play. Also, the first baseman's right hand should, when setting itself to receive a throw from the infielder, executes a half-pivot near the base; this is a step that no left-handed person needs (this advantage is very small). There are three infield positions that can only be effectively occupied by right-handed players: second base, base 3, and shortstop. This is because the time it takes to rotate and set to throw. It takes a left-hander thrower more time to create a pivot and in a fast main league game, that time is very important. As a result, there is a position that fewer left-handed players can occupy, and if the player is not fast, the outfield may not be suitable.
In the numbering system used to record defensive games, the first baseman was numbered '3'.
Second base
The second base is the second of four stations on a baseball diamond to be touched in a row by a base runner to score for the player's team. The second base is usually maintained by the second baseman and shortstop. The second base is also known as the keystone. A runner in the second base is said to be in a "scoring position", as it is likely to reach home plate and score run of second base on most of the base blows. Since both are the furthest base from home plate, it is the most common target of stealing the base. The runner can not be marked if he touches the base with his body parts.
Ideally, the second baseman and shortstop have fast hands and feet and the ability to release the ball quickly and accurately. One will usually cover the second base when the other tries to lower the ball. Both players must communicate well to be able to make a double game. Special dexterity is required from the second baseman in a dual game situation, which usually forces the player to throw in the first direction while his momentum takes him in the opposite direction. In the numbering system used to record defensive games, the second baseman is numbered 4, and shortstop 6.
Third base
The third base is the third of four bases to be touched by the base runner in a counter-clockwise succession to get a score run. A lot of balls that are beaten resulting in a beating (such as a flying sacrifice) still allow the runner to reach the home plate and score a run from third base, provided the third and final result is not recorded before he can do so.. Therefore, a runner in third base is very valuable for the batting team when less than two outs have been recorded. The runner can not be marked if he touches the base with his body parts.
The third baseman is a defender who is responsible for maintaining the closest area to third base. A third baseman should ideally have a quick reaction to a hit ball and a strong arm to make a long throw to the first base. The distance from 3 to 1 is about 127 feet. In the numbering system used to record defensive games, the third baseman is numbered 5.
Plate house
The home plate, the headquarters officially set in the rules, is the last base that players have to touch to score. Unlike other bases, home plate is a five-sided slab of white rubber mounted on the ground. The use of rubber was developed by Robert Keating, who made a match for Oriole Baltimore 1887. Previously - and more dangerously - the plate was made of stone, iron, or wood.
The dimensions of the house plate are 17 inches (43 cm) in front, 8.5 inches (22 cm) on each side, with the back of a 12-inch double-sided triangle (30 cm). The rear edge is at 45 degrees to the side, making a point behind. The plates are white and surrounded by a black strip of 3 / 4 inches (1.9Ã, cm) in width. The plate is completely in the "fair" area, with two rear sides aligned with the dirty lines of the right and left fields. The length and angle requirements for the house plate mandate that it is not an ordinary pentagon; it is 17 by 8.5 inches (43 x 22 cm) rectangle with the same triangle of base feet 17 inches (43 cm) and the same side of 12 inches (30 cm) attached to the rear.
Both the Premier League Baseball Official Rules and the Little League rule book say the angle between the two 12-inch sides should be 90 degrees. However, the oblique side of the right-angle triangle with two 12-inch sides is inch, which is slightly less than the required 17 inches. The home plate as determined therefore can not be physically realized.
50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 meters) behind the home plate is the backstop, which is a wall/fence that will stop the wild throwing, passing the ball, and the foul ball. In a closed stadium, the backstop often consists of the lower part, which is like the other side of the wall, and the top net to protect the audiences seated behind it; in the recreational baseball field, there is usually a high chain fence, including the top of italics, which composes the entire backstop.
Container box and capture box
The dough box is the place where the dough stands when ready to receive the pitch from the pitcher. Usually drawn chalk around the house plate, and the inside of the box is watered before each game.
The lime line depicting two Offensive Lines is seldom extended through the dough box. However, the lines exist conceptually for the purpose of assessing the ball being beaten or cheated. In addition, inside the Batter Box is often not placed with lime. Similarly, although not marked, the lines continue to exist for the purpose of the rules relating to the dough box and the relative dough position to it.
There are two batter boxes, one on each side of the home plate. The dough box has a width of 4 feet (1.2 m) and a length of 6 feet (1.8 m). The centered batter box extends in the center of the home plate with the inner line of each 6-inch (15 cm) dough box from the edge near the house plate. A left-handed dough will stand in the batter box on the left side of the home plate from the perspective of catcher and referee. A left-handed dough will stand in the batter box to their right. A dough can only occupy one batter box at a time and may not legally leave the battery box after the pitcher has arrived or has initiated the blow. If the batter wants to leave the battery box once the pitcher has used the rubber, he must first ask the referee for a time-out. Time will not be given if the pitcher has started a throwing motion. For rules related to the batter box, see Rules 6.05 and 6.06 of the Official Baseball Rules.
Foul polish
Foul poles, if any, help the referee assess whether the ball flyers that are about the fence line are rotten (not playing) or fair (home run). The poles are the vertical extension of the foul lines on the edge of the playing field. The outer edges of foul lines and rotting columns determine dirty areas. Both lines and poles are in fair territory, in contrast to soccer and basketball, where the lines marking the boundaries of play are out of bounds. The minimum distance to hit the home run (along the line of offense) is governed by a baseball rule, generally at 325 feet (99 m).
Before 1920, the dirty lines extended indefinitely; dough was awarded a home run only if the ball flew off a fair field when landing, or "when last seen" by the referee. Now, the hit ball that leaves the field on the flight is judged fair or rotten by the time it leaves the field. Thus, like a flying ball passing on the fair side of a rotting pole, or hitting a rotting pole, is a home run regardless of where the ball goes afterwards.
Foul poles are usually much taller than the top of the fence or outside wall, and often have narrow screens that run along the fair side of the pole. This further augments the referee's judgment, since the bouncing balls of this screen are home runs. This can still be a difficult call, especially in ballparks without an outfield standing behind the poles to provide perspective. Wrigley Field is famous for its old argument, curling flies down the line of offense (especially in the left plane) that sails higher than the rotting poles.
On the Premiership Baseball field, rotting poles are usually yellow. They are in Citi Field orange. At Rogers Center, there are no rotting columns, but large nets are hung from roofs that serve the same purpose. In Petco Park, there is no foul pole in the left field; the polar function is served by a yellow metal strip along the corner of the building of Western Metal Supply Co.
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Around the center of the square, equidistant between the first and third bases, and a few meters closer to the house plate than the second base, is a low-artificial hill called a pitcher mound. This is where the pitcher stands up when throwing a pitch. Above the mound is a white rubber slab, called a pitcher plate or a rubber pitcher. It measures 6 inches (15 cm) front-to-back and 2 feet (61 cm) across, the right front is 60 feet 6 inches (18.44 m) from the back point of the home plate. This strange distance was set by the regulators in 1893, not due to administrative errors or surveys because popular myths have them, but intentionally (more details in the History section).
In Major League Baseball, the regulation mound is 18 feet (5.5 m) in diameter, with the center 59 feet (18 m) from the home plate back point, on the line between the home plate and the second base. The front edge of the rubber pitcher plate is 18 inches (46 cm) behind the center of the mound, making the midpoint of the front edge 60 feet 6 inches (18.44 m) from the back point home plate. Six inches (15.2 cm) in front of the rubber pitcher, the bumps begin to tilt down. The top of the rubber is not higher than ten inches (25.4 cm) above the house plate. From 1903 to 1968, the height limit was set at 15 inches (38 cm), but was often slightly higher, sometimes as high as 20 inches (51 cm), especially for pitching teams, such as the Los Angeles Dodgers, highest mound in the majors.
A teapot will push the rubber with its foot to get the speed toward home plate when throwing. In addition, higher bumps generally benefit the pitcher. With a high advantage, the pitcher is stronger and can lower the ball's speed, making it harder for the bat to hit the ball with the bat. The decline of the mound in 1969 was meant to "increase the blow" once again, as pitching had become increasingly dominant, reaching its peak the previous year; 1968 is known among baseball historians as "The Year of the Pitcher". This restrictive rule apparently does its job, contributing to the spike hitting modern baseball.
The pitcher mound is difficult to defend by park guards. Usually before each game is watered to keep the dust from spreading. In the field of teen and amateur baseball, the mound may be much different from the rule book definition due to erosion and improvement efforts. Even in the major leagues, every mound gets its own character, because pitchers are allowed to throw away pieces of dirt in their paths, thereby sculpting a mound a bit for their preference.
The pitcher may keep a rosin bag on the back of the mound to dry his hands. The Major League Baseball team was also allowed clearing the cleats behind the mound. This may be a flat grate plate, or just a hand tool like a piece of wood used to remove mud and dirt from cleats. These items are left to remain at the back of the mound over the discretion of the referee, thus reducing the possibility that they will affect the game directly.
Baseline
The baseline is a straight line between two adjacent bases. The baseline is not drawn in the field, though the dirty lines work to mark the baseline between the home plate and the first base, and between the third base and the home.
Running the basics
Generally, the base runner does not need to follow the baseline. A base runner who wants to advance more than one base usually "rounds" the base, following a more circular path. However, the left-right movement of the base is limited when the defense tries to mark him. At the start of the business start-up, the baseline baseline baseline is established as a direct line from its current position to the headquarters that it attempted. A runner deviates more than three feet (1 m) away from this baseline to avoid being able to call tags.
Running track
Starting in the middle between the house and the first base, and ending at first base, there is a second lime line to the right of the rotten line. This second line and part of the foul line goes parallel to, forming a running path that defines the path in which the runner-runner must walk as he progresses to the first base. Rule 6.05 (k) Official Baseball Rule states that, if runner-dough runs to first base goes outside the running track, and "in doing so" interferes with the fielder who does the throw first, then the runner-dough is auto-exit. The first base itself is not located on the track, but Rule 6.05 allows runners to leave the track "through steps, steps or shear around the first base" to step on the first base.
Grasslines
The grass line, where the dirt from the infield ends and the grass from the outfield begins, has no special meaning for the rules of the game, but may affect the outcome of the game. The dirt track between the bases (and, at one time and still in some parks, between pitchers and catchers) has been around since the beginning of the game, although they were not mentioned in the rule book until about 1950, and the specifications are flexible. In addition to providing running paths, the grass line acts as a visual aid so players, refs and fans can better assess the distance from the diamond center. Sometimes the ball can bounce hard from the ground or edge area between dirt and grass. The Multiple World Series championships (including 1924, 1960 and 1986) have been decided or heavily influenced by an erratic land ball jump.
In an artificial turf stadium, infield shit originally was only placed around the base and around the pitcher and batting area, referred to as "sliding holes." In this configuration, the "grass line" is usually marked with a white arc. Among the Premiership Baseball pitches, the Rogers Center is the last stadium to maintain this type of configuration and is reconfigured with a full ground infield beginning in the 2016 MLB season.
In some college baseball parks with artificial grasslands, the entire field (along with perhaps a pitcher mound) is made up of grass, with parts of the field mainly containing dirt, not just clay grass.
Outfield
This field is made of thick grass or synthetic grass. This is where players play. The outfield play position is right, middle, and left of the field (named in relation to the batter position, so that the left field is outside the third base and the right field is outside the first base). Outfields vary in size and shape depending on the overall size and shape of the playing field. Outfield extends from the infield to the outfield wall and contains a warning track. Outfields mainly vary from Little League to Major League. Small League outsides are much more diverse than those of the Major League. Outfields are often different from infields in certain grass types used, but most of the Major League outfield is grass.
Warning track
The warning track is a dirt strip at the end of the baseball field (especially in front of the fence of houses and along the left and right sides of the field). Because the colors and nuances of different warning tracks from the grass field, a fielder can stay focused on the ball flying near the fence and measure its proximity to the fence while trying to catch the ball safely.
Warning path width is not specified in the rule. These are generally designed to give you about three warning steps to the highest level players using the field. The typical width runs from about six feet to the Little League field up to about 10-15 feet (3.0-4.6 meters) to play at college or professional level. A wide warning trail also allows park guards to avoid driving maintenance vehicles on the grass.
The trajectory can consist of fine rocked rock particles like charcoal, that's why announcer Bob Wolff calls it a "cinder path" rather than a "warning lane".
The idea of ​​a warning track comes from Yankee Stadium, where the actual running track is built for use on tracks and field events. When the stadium designers saw how the trajectory helped the players, it immediately became the hallmark of any baseball stadium.
Single-minded people often crash into walls trying to catch on despite a trace of warning. For this reason, the outer walls are usually soft for extra security. Wrigley Field brick walls are covered only by vines, which are not too soft. However, there is a bearing on the wall of the left and right corners that are narrow in the dirt.
The warning power-trace is a derogatory term for a beater that seems to have enough power to hit a ball to a warning track to exit, but not enough to hit a home run. The term more generally refers to someone or something that is almost but not good enough for something.
Outside wall
The outer wall or field fence is a wall or fence that marks the outer boundary of the field. A ball passing through the wall is dead; if it passes through a wall in a fair area while in flight, it is a home run. The official rule does not specify the shape, height, or composition of the wall, or a certain mandatory distance from the home plate (although Major League Baseball mandates a minimum distance of 250 feet (76 m) and recommends a minimum distance of 320 feet (98 m) at the poles and 400 feet (120 m) in the middle of the field). As a result, the baseball field can vary greatly along those lines. The wall has a number attached or painted on it that shows the distance in feet from the point on the wall to the home plate. In most modern major league baseball stadiums, walls are made of some hard materials (eg, concrete, plywood, sheet metal) with pads on the sides of the field to protect players who may collide with walls at high speed while trying to play. Link chain fences can also be inserted into walls in areas where the walls must be transparent, for example, field bullpen, area of ​​audience behind wall, or to protect the scoreboard inserted into the wall. Many ballparks display a yellow line that shows the top of the wall to assist the referee in assessing whether the ball is over the wall or whether the ball is fair or rotten.
Bullpen
Bullpen (sometimes called just a "pen") is an area where the pitcher heats up before entering the game. Depending on the average, it may be located in a dirty area along the baseline or just outside the outfield fence. Relief throwers usually wait in the bullpen when they have not played in the game, rather than in the break room with the rest of the team. The initial pitcher also made his final pregame warm up in the bullpen. The manager can call the coach at the bullpen on the home phone from the break room to tell the particular pitcher to start his warm-up throw. "Bullpen" is also used metonymously to describe a collection of team aid pitchers.
In-deck
There are two in-deck circles on the field, one for each team, positioned on a rotten ground between the home plate and the team of each bench. They are technically known as the next box-batter. The on-deck circle is where the next scheduled dough, or "on-deck" dough, warms while waiting for the current dough to finish turn. The on-deck circle is an area of ​​empty ground; a plain circle painted on synthetic turf; or often, especially on a professional level, a mat made of artificial material, with a team logo or a league painted on it.
Coach box
The coach box, located behind the first and third base, is where the first and third base coaches should stand, although the coach often stands out of the box. This is allowed as long as the coach does not interfere with playing and the opposing team does not mind (in which case the referee must ensure that all coaches on both teams must adhere to the boundaries of the coach box). Coach boxes are marked with chalk or paint. In the early days of baseball, the term "coacher's box" was used, as a "coach" was taken into a verb. When the term "coach" evolves into a noun, the name of the box also changes.
History
The basic diamond layout has changed little since the original Knorderbocker Rules of the 1840s. The distance between bases is set as 90 feet (27 m), which remains to this day. Through trial and error, 90 feet (27 m) has been defined as the optimal distance. 100 feet (30 m) will give too many advantages for defense, and 80 feet is too much for the offense.
The original Knickerbocker rule does not specify pitching distance explicitly. By the time the main league baseball started in the 1870s, the pitcher was forced to swing from inside the "box" whose front edge was 45 feet (14 m) from the "dot" of the home plate. Though he must release the ball before crossing the line, like the bowlers in cricket, he should also start his delivery from inside the box; he can not run from the field like the bowlers do. Next, the teapot should throw empty-handed. In the 1880s, throwers had mastered submissions under the hands - in fact, in 1880, there were two perfect games within a week.
In an attempt to "increase batting", the front edge of the pitcher box was moved back 5 feet (1.5 m) in 1881, up to 50 feet (15 m) from the home plate. The size of the box changes over the next few years. Pitchers were allowed to throw an overhand starting in 1884, and it tilted the balance of power again. In 1887, the box was set on 4 feet (1.2 m) wide and 5.5 feet (1.7 m) deep, with the front edge still 50 feet (15 m) away from the plate. However, the pitcher was forced to deliver the ball with his rear legs at the 55.5-foot (16.9 m) line from the box, thus limiting his ability to "force" the ball with his overhand delivery.
In 1893, the box was replaced by a pitcher plate, although the "box" was still used today as a slang term for pitcher locations in the field. Exactly 5 feet (1.5 m) added to the pitcher point must be toe, again "to increase batting" (and hopefully to increase attendance, as the fan interest has been marked somewhat), so the pitching distance seems odd 60.5 feet (18 , 4 m).
Many sources indicate that the throwing distance evolved from 45 to 50 to 60.5 feet. However, the first two are "release points" and the third is "pushoff point", so the 1893 increase is not quite as dramatic as is often implied; that is, the 1893 rule change only adds 5 feet to the release point instead of 10.5 feet (3.2 m).
Initially the pitcher was thrown off the flat ground, but over time, the embossed mound developed, rather returning the profits to the pitcher. Before the mid-20th century, it was common for a baseball field to include a dirt path between a pitcher and a home plate. This feature is sometimes known as a "keyhole" because of the shape it creates along with the mound. The keyhole is as wide as a pitcher box and resembles a cricket pitch. Sometimes this path is extended through the batting area and all the way to the backstop. Once the round pitcher mound was developed, the path became more ornamental than practical, and gradually thinned out before it was largely abandoned by the 1950s. In recent years several ballparks, such as Comerica Park and Chase Field in the major leagues, have revived features for nostalgic reasons.
Maintenance
- View: Management of grass, sport grass, ground maintenance, basic equipment, equipment manager, and sand-based athletic field
Awards and awards
The Sports Turf Managers Association (STMA) provides numerous awards each year. Starting in 2001, the Sports Turf Manager of the Year Awards has been awarded annually in the Triple-A, Double-A, Class A and Short-Season/Rookie divisions of Minor League Baseball and selected from 16 league winners. STMA also presents Field Baseball of the Year Award, which includes School and Park, College/University and Professional category.
See also
- Premier League Baseball Regulations
- The Baseball Encyclopedia , published by Macmillan Publishers
References
External links
- Almanac baseball field
- PONY Baseball
- Dimensions of the Baseball Field
- The difference between MLB fields
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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