The two centuries of Australia was celebrated in 1988. It marks 200 years since the arrival of the First Fleet of British prisoners in Sydney in 1788. The event sparked debates about Australia's national identity, Aboriginal rights, historical interpretation and multiculturalism.
Video Australian Bicentenary
History
Two centuries of the arrival of Captain Arthur Phillip with 11 First Fleet vessels at Sydney Harbor in 1788, and the establishment of the city of Sydney and the colonies of New South Wales. 1988 is considered the official two-year-old establishment of Australia.
Maps Australian Bicentenary
Celebrations
The Australian Bicentenary is marked by splendor and grand ceremonies throughout Australia to mark the commemoration of the arrival of the British First Fleet of ships in Sydney in 1788. The Australian Bicentennial Authority (ABA), in accordance with the Australian Bicentennial Authority Act 1980, was established for plan, fund and coordinate projects that emphasize the nation's cultural heritage. The State Council was also established to ensure cooperation between the federal and state governments. The result is a national program of events and celebrations to commemorate Bicentenary, including:
- Australia Live, special television on New Year's Eve
- the arrival of the First Fleet Transition Sailing on Sydney Harbor on Australian Day
- World Expo 88 in Brisbane, the biggest event of the celebration
- The Australian Bicentennial Exhibition, touring throughout Australia
- all Australian schoolchildren served with "Bicentennial Heritage Medallion"
- problem by the NSW Department of Motor Transport (from late 1987 to late 1988) with over 160,000 warning Bicentennial number plate sold at a premium price
- A A classroom A66 paintings by the unique regional Victoria/V/Line railway operator featuring the official ABA Bicentennial Logo and 1788 Australian Bicentennary 1988
- Aus Steam '88, steam locomotive railway display at Spencer Street Station
- The Australian Bicentennial Airshow held at RAAF Richmond
- The 1988 Women's Cricket World Cup, held in Perth, Sydney and Melbourne, labeled as the Bicentennial World Cup
- The 1988 Youth Cricket Cup, held in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, labeled as the McDonald's Bisentenial Children World Cup
- Trans-Australia Hot air balloon, Perth to Sydney March 30, 1988
- the Bicentennial Classic, held at Royal Melbourne Golf Club
The opening ceremony of the 16th World Scout Jamboree, which took place at midnight on 31 December 1987, was the first official Bicentenary event in Australia.
Legacy path
In collaboration with the state government, the Commonwealth/State Second Half State Warning Program is established with the development of Heritage Trails in every state.
Other events
On Australia Day, Sydney Harbor hosted the inauguration of the First Fleet's arrival. The Hawke government refuses to fund the First Fleet re-enforcement, as he believes this might offend the Indigenous Australians. 2GB Radio in Sydney stepped in and held a fundraiser to keep the show back on track. The government even funded the look of competitors of the High Ships sailing on the east coast of Australia and entering Sydney Harbor that day, and it was felt that this was more acceptable to the Indigenous people.
The Australian flower emblem is officially declared a Golden Wattle Acacia pycnantha . The Gazettal was signed by Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen on August 19, 1988. A ceremony was held on September 1, 1988 at the Australian National Botanical Gardens. Home Secretary Robert Ray made an official announcement and the wife of Prime Minister, Mrs Hazel Hawke, planted Gold Pial
1988 was also marked by the completion of many unique development projects such as the Bicentennial National Trail and on May 9 of that year, Queen Elizabeth II opened the New Parliament Building in Canberra. In addition, the modern Darling Port area has been completed and opened, as is the modern Sydney Football Stadium. It was also marked by the creation of one of Australia's most significant works of art, the Aboriginal Memorial, commemorating Indigenous Australians who died as a result of European settlements. Other events include Bicentennial Beacons, a series of bonfires lit up in Australia. A celebration featuring motorcyclists from all over Australia is also held in Canberra throughout the year. Not all events go well with the Australian Round of the Yacht Race disaster that claims some lives and is the subject of legal action.
A new musical Manning Clark's History of Australia, directed by John Bell, is loosely based on the life of the historian Manning Clark opened in January at the Princess Theater (Melbourne) to coincide with the Bicentenary, but faces poor reviews and absenteeism simultaneously, closed before the end of February.
Significant improvements to Australian roads are done through Australia's Austenial Road Development Program.
Protest
This event is widely viewed as controversial. Planning for events raises issues of national identity and historical interpretation. Some want to remember colonization as an invasion while others want it to focus on a historical re-show. The Uniting Church in Australia wants people to boycott the event unless Aboriginal rights are recognized. The official slogan is "Life Together" which emphasizes the theme of multi-culturism. Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser intervened to turn the motto into "The Australian Achievement" to be more lively. Bob Hawke then restores his original motto. The response from the right wing in the country is harsh. The Institute of Public Affairs suggests that tradition has been sacrificed to appease minorities. Historian Geoffrey Blainey claims that Bicentenary is trying to rewrite England out of Australian history.
On January 26, 1988, more than 40,000 people, including aborigines from across the country, ran the biggest march in Sydney since the Moratorium in the early 1970s in Vietnam. The protesters marched through Sydney chanting for land rights. The march ended at Hyde Park where several prominent aboriginal leaders and activists spoke, among them Gary Foley. Demonstrations are also held in other cities and towns including Canberra. This is part of a wider Bicentennial Boycott movement that begins in lead to Bicentennial. When it was revealed during the year that attendance at the Bicentennial event was below expectations, the claim was made that it was due to a public boycott of events and Bicentennial in general.
See also
- James Cook's knowledge in Australia
References
External links
- State Library of NSW - The First Corporate Reshuffle Record, 1978-1990: Spoken by Trish and Wally Franklin
- State Library of NSW - First Voyage Fleet Repatriation 1987-1988
- Floral Emblems of Australia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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