History of basketball

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The basketball history began with his invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canada's physical education instructor James Naismith as a sport less prone to injury than football. The game grew quite rapidly and grew very popular as the 20th century took place, first in America and then around the world. After basketball became established in American college, a professional game followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), founded in 1946, grew into a multibillion-dollar company by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.

Video History of basketball

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The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during the cold months. It consists of a peach basket and soccer ball style. He published 13 rules for new games. He divides his class from eighteen into two teams of nine players each and starts teaching them the basics of his new game. The goal of the game is to throw a basketball into a basket of fruit that is nailed to the lower balcony balcony railing. Each time a point is printed, the game is stopped so the janitor can pull out the ladder and pick up the ball. After a while, the bottom of the fruit basket is moved. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.

Maps History of basketball

Original rule

There are only thirteen "basketball" rules:

1. The ball can be cast in all directions with one or both hands.
2. The ball can be struck in any direction with one or both hands.
3. The player can not run with the ball, the player must throw it away from the point where he caught it, a slack that must be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed.
4. The ball should be held in or between the hand, arm or body should not be used to hold it.
5. Do not shoulder, hold, push, stumble or attack in any way the opponent does. The first violation of this rule by anyone will be considered a violation, the second will disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if there is a clear intention to harm that person, for the whole game, there is no substitute.
6. An offense hit the ball with a fist, breaking rules 3 and 4, and as described in rule 5.
7. If one party committed three consecutive violations, he must count the goal for the opponent.
8. Goals should be created when the ball is thrown or beaten from the ground to the basket and stays there. If the ball is on the edge and the opponent moves the basket it will be counted as a goal.
9. When the ball gets out of that boundary it will be thrown onto the field and played by the person who first touched it. In the event of a dispute, the referee will throw it directly into the field. "Passer-in" is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, he will go to the opponent. If any party suspends the game, the referee will call them.
10. The referee will be the judge of the people and shall record the violation, and notify the referee when three consecutive violations have been committed.
11. The referee is a judge of the ball and will decide when the ball is played, on the boundary, and on which side the ball is, and will take time. He will decide when goals have been made and keep the destination account with other tasks normally performed by a referee.
12. Time is fifteen minutes, with five minutes in between.
13. The side that makes the most goals at that time will be declared the winner. In the case of a draw, the match may, with the consent of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.

First basketball game

On December 21, 1891, James Naismith published the rules for the new game using five basic ideas and thirteen rules. That day, he asked his class to play a game in Armory Street court: 9 against 9, using a soccer ball and two peach baskets. Frank Mahan, one of his students, was not very happy. He just said: "Harrumph, another new game". However, Naismith is the inventor of the new game. Someone suggested to call it "Naismith Game", but he suggested "We have a ball and a basket: why do not we call it a basketball?" Eighteen players are John G. Thompson, Eugene S. Libby, Edwin P. Ruggles, William R. Chase, T. Duncan Patton, Frank Mahan, Finlay G. MacDonald, William H. Davis and Lyman Archibald, who defeated George Weller, Wilbert Carey, Ernest Hildner, Raymond Kaighn, Genzabaro Ishikawa, Benjamin S. French, Franklin Barnes, George Day and Henry Gelan 1-0. The goal was scored by Chase. There is another difference between Naismith's first idea and the game being played today. The peach basket is closed, and the ball must be taken manually, until a small hole is placed at the bottom of the peach basket to pull the ball out using a stick. Only in 1906 was a metal circle, a net and a backboard introduced. In addition, the ball was previously replaced by Spalding balls, similar to those used today.

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YMCA, US Army spread development

YMCA has a big role in spreading basketball throughout the United States, Canada, and the world. In 1893, Mel Rideout set up the first European game in Paris, at Montmartre. At the same time, Bob Gailey went to Tientsin, China, Duncan Patton to India, Genzabaro Ishikawa to Japan, and C. Hareek to Persia.

The First World War broke out in 1914, and the US Army began fighting in Europe in 1917. During World War I, the American Expeditionary Force carried basketball wherever it went. Along with the troops, there are hundreds of physical education teachers who know basketball. Naismith also spent two years with the YMCA in France during that period.

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Professional leagues, teams and organizations

The first professional league was founded in 1898. Six teams take part in the National Basketball League, and the first champions are Trenton Nationals, followed by New York Wanderers, Bristol Pile Drivers and Camden Electrics. The league was abandoned in 1904. Later, many smaller championships were held, but most of them were not as important as some of the teams that played for money against challengers.

The Original Celtics, for example, is considered a "father of basketball" and presented as "World Basketball Champion"; the players had to sign a contract to play with them, and Jim Furey arranged the game as a circus, moving every day from city to city. The Celtics became the strongest team, and their success lasted from 1922 to 1928, when the team was disbanded due to ownership issues. The Original Celtics are sometimes mistakenly considered the ancestors of the current Boston Celtics of the NBA; in fact, they only share names, as the Celtics today were not founded until 1946, nearly two decades after the collapse of the Original Celtics. In 1922, the first African-American professional team was founded: Rens (also known as the New York Renaissance or Harlem Renaissance). The Rens are regular opponents of the original Celtics, and for their matches the tickets cost $ 1. They took part in several official championships and won the first Professional World Basketball Tournament in 1939. The team disbanded in 1949.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the East Basketball League (founded in 1909), the Metropolitan Basketball League (founded in 1921) and the American Basketball League (founded in 1925) are the most important leagues.

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Basketball at American college

The greatest level of early basketball activity outside the YMCA is seen in American colleges. The first US college known to guide the basketball team against an outside opponent was Vanderbilt University, who played against the local YMCA in Nashville, Tennessee, on February 7, 1893. The second recorded example of an organized college basketball game was the Geneva College game against New Brighton YMCA on April 8, 1893, in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, which was won 3-0 by Geneva.

The first recording game between two college teams occurred on February 9, 1895, when Hamline University faced Minnesota A & amp; M (who later became part of the University of Minnesota). Minnesota A & amp; M wins the match, which is played under the rules allowing nine players per side, 9-3. The first inter-college match that uses the modern rules of five players per side is often credited as a game between the University of Chicago and the University of Iowa, in Iowa City, Iowa, on January 18, 1896. The Chicago team, hosted by Amos Alonzo Stagg, who has learned the game from James Naismith at Springfield YMCA, winning the match 15-12. (Some sources claimed the first "right" five-fifth interollegiate match was a match in 1897 between Yale and Penn, as the Iowa team, which played Chicago in 1896, comprised University of Iowa students but did not officially represent the University of Iowa - not organized through the YMCA.) In 1900 the game of basketball has spread to colleges across the country.

In 1897 the United States Amateur Atlet Union (AAU) had taken over the supervision of basketball activity from the YMCA. In April 1905, representatives from fifteen colleges separately took control of the college game, creating a "College Ball Rules Regulations" college. The committee was later absorbed into its predecessor from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 1909. The highly popular NCAA Son Basketball Tournament began in 1939.

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First international game

After his arrival in Europe, basketball grew very fast. In 1909 the first international match was held in Saint Petersburg: Mayak Saint Petersburg defeated the American YMCA team. The first major European event was held in 1919 at Joinville-le-Pont, near Paris, during the Inter-Allied Match. The United States, led by future Hall of Fame players, Max Friedman, won against Italy and France, and then Italy beat France. Basketball soon became popular among French and Italians. The Italian team has a white shirt with a House of Savoy shield and the players are: Arrigo and Marco Muggiani, Baccarini, Giuseppe Sessa, Palestra, Pecollo and Bagnoli.

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Formation of FIBA ​​â € <â € <

The world of basketball grew, but on June 18, 1932 a real international organization was formed, to coordinate tournaments and teams: that day, Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland established the International Basketball Federation (FÃ © Å © international tie de basket amateur, FIBA) in Geneva. His work was essential to the entry of the first basketball at the Berlin Olympics in 1936. The first Olympic title was won by the US national team: Sam Balter, Ralph Bishop, Joe Fortenberry, Tex Gibbons, Francis Johnson, Carl Knowles, Frank Lublin, Art Mollner, Donald Piper , Jack Ragland, Willard Schmidt, Carl Shy, Duane Swanson, Bill Wheatley and coach James Needles. Canada is runner-up; the game is played on an outdoor clay court. The first World Championships were held in Argentina in 1950.

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NBA

The Basketball League was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The League adopted the name of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949 after joining the National Basketball League (NBL). At the beginning of the 21st century, the NBA is the world's most significant professional basketball league in terms of popularity, salary, talent, and level of competition.

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American Basketball Association

American Basketball Association (ABA) was founded as an alternative to the NBA in 1967 when the NBA was experiencing a lot of popularity. ABA offers an alternative ethos and style of play as well as some changes in the rules. Julius Erving is a major player in the league, and helps launch a modern style of game that emphasizes jumping and playing on the rim. The strength of the game helps legitimize the American Basketball Association. The league emphasizes joy and liveliness, be it in ball colors (red, white and blue), how to play, wild promotion, or three-point shots. Recognition and national income are low, leading the league to find a way out of its problems. A more established and highly successful NBA merger is seen as a solution. The ABA folded into the NBA in the summer of 1976, four of the most successful franchises (New York Nets, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and San Antonio Spurs) were incorporated into the older leagues. Aggressive and loose play style and three-point shots taken by the NBA.

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African American in basketball

The Smart Set of Athletic Club of Brooklyn and St. Christopher Club of New York City was founded as the first fully organized blackball basketball team in 1906. These teams are amateurs.

In 1907, the all-black Olympic Athletic Athletics League was formed in New York City consisting of the Smart Set Club Athlete, St. Christopher, the Marathon Athletic Club, Alpha Physical Culture Club, and the Colorful Jersey City of YMCA. The first inter-city basketball game between two black teams was played in 1907 when the Set Clone Club Athletic of Brooklyn traveled to Washington, DC to play the Crescent Athletic Club.

In 1908 the Smart Club Set Athletic of Brooklyn, a member of the Olympic Athletics League, was named the First Colored Basketball World Champion.

In 1910 the university's first university basketball team began.

In 1922, Commonwealth Five, the first black professional team founded. The New York Renaissance was founded in 1923.

In 1939, the all-black New York Renaissance beat the all-white Oshkosh All-Stars in the Pro Basketball World Tournament.

From the late 1920s, Harlem Globetrotters of African Americans was a successful touring team, winning the WPBT in 1940.

The all-white National Basketball League began to integrate racially in 1942 with 10 black players joining two teams, Toledo Jim White Chevrolet, and Chicago Studebakers. The NBA was integrated in the 1950-51 season, just two years after its founding, with three black players each reaching a separate milestone in the process. In a draft that was held shortly before the season, Chuck Cooper became the first black player drafted by the NBA team. Shortly after the draft, Nat Clifton became the first black player to sign an NBA contract. Finally, Earl Lloyd became the first black player to appear in an NBA game when his team started the season before Cooper or Clifton.

After the integration of the NBA, Harlem Globetrotters began focusing on international tours and exhibition performances, including comic routines. The tour helped popularize international basketball, and gave Globetrotters a reputation as a Goodwill Basketball ambassador.

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Modern NBA

The NBA has helped popularize basketball all over the world. Much of this is due to the transcendent stars who have played the game for years. It was because of Michael Jordan's game that basketball began to reach an international audience, especially on the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team, known as the Dream Team.

After his last championship and his second retirement in 1998, there was such a vacuum that would be the face of a basketball. Soon after with the help of Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant will continue to win three straight championships from 2000-2002 with the Los Angeles Lakers, helping to make basketball more popular in many places around the world, most felt in China. Further championships in 2009 and 2010 helped to increase its popularity. By 2015, he announces the next season will be his last. He will play in 20 seasons then.

Another player who revolutionized the game of basketball is LeBron James. He was picked as the first overall pick in the 2003 NBA Draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers, and has worked to become the face of NBA and basketball around the world. He left the Cavaliers in 2010 to join the Miami Heat along with fellow stars Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh in what is known as a controversial decision, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013 before returning to the Cavaliers in 2014 where he won the third championship in 2016.

There are many international players who help the globalization of the game. The most visible is Yao Ming. He was the first Chinese player to be selected with the overall number one pick in 2002 by the Houston Rockets. The game and its presence in the NBA bring attention to basketball in Asian countries.

The style of basketball has evolved over time as well. Basketball, especially in the 90s and 2000s, was used to give importance to big men. The game runs slowly and is heavily defense-oriented. Now because teams like the San Antonio Spurs and Golden State Warriors, ball moves and team games are more common. The game has slowly drifted away from this type of game. The game is now under way and the team starts to involve more three-point shots in their offense. Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors has become a trendsetter with his shooting ability. By the way he has popularized and rekindled the spirit of shooting among the youth.

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See also

• Women's basketball
• Chronology of the history of women's basketball
• The rules of basketball

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Note

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References

• Arceri, Mario; Bianchini, Valerio (2004). La leggenda del basket . Milano: Baldini Castoldi Dalai. ISBN: 9788884906267.
• Peterson, Robert W. (2002). Coop for Jump Shot: The Early Years of Pro Basketball . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBNÃ, 0-8032-8772-0.
• James Naismith, , University of Nebraska Press, 1941.

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External links

• Transcribe the original Naismith notes to the first basketball game
• The Historyscoper

Source of the article : Wikipedia