The Ice Bucket Challenge , sometimes called the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge , is an activity that involves removing an ice bucket and water over someone's head, either by someone else or self-administered , to promote awareness of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as motor neurone disease and in the US as Lou Gehrig's disease) and encourage donations for research. It became viral in social media during July-August 2014. In the US, many people participated for the ALS Association, and in the UK, many people participated to the Neurone Motor Disease Association, although some individuals chose to donate their money from the Ice Challenge Bucket to other organizations.
The challenge encouraged nominated participants to be filmed with a bucket of ice water poured over their heads and then nominated others to do the same. The general rule is that nominated participants have 24 hours to comply or lose through charitable financial contributions.
On August 1, 2015, a group of ALS organizations in the United States, including the ALS Association, Les Turner ALS Foundation, and ALS Therapy Development Institute, reintroduced the Ice Bucket Challenge for 2015 to raise further funds with the aim of establishing it as an annual event. Thus, people take on more challenges in the summer of 2016 and 2017.
Video Ice Bucket Challenge
Histori
Origins
The origin of the idea of ​​throwing cold water on a person's head to raise money for charity is unclear and has been linked to various sources. The most commonly accepted origin of credit is Pete Frates, a Boston College alumnus who was diagnosed with ALS in March 2012. Pat Quinn, a friend of Frates who was diagnosed with ALS in 2013, is also credited with creating a challenge. Another friend of Frates, Corey Griffin, has been credited as "one of the founders" of the challenge.
From mid-2013 to early 2014, the unknown challenge of its origin is often called the "Cold Water Challenge" becoming popular in social media in the North American region. The task usually involves an option to donate money for cancer research or to have to jump into cold water. According to the Wall Street Journal, the Ice Bucket Challenge was started by professional golfers as a means to support various pet charities.
One version of the challenge, which took place in Salem, Indiana, as early as May 15, 2014, involves dousing participants with cold water and then donating to charities, such as a local child diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor. In another version, the Auckland Division of the Cancer Society of New Zealand is a beneficiary. Such a similar challenge, usually filmed so that recordings can be shared online.
The National Fallen Firefighters Foundation popularized the "Cold Water Challenge" in early 2014 to raise funds as a spin off of the most widely used polar laundering by the Special Olympics as a fundraiser.
On May 20, 2014, Washington Township, New Jersey, the fire department posted a video on YouTube participating in the "Cold Water Challenge" with a fire hose. Participating members of the department were then convicted of using unauthorized fire extinguishers.
Shift focus to ALS
The challenge first received increased media attention in the United States on June 30, 2014, when people from the Morning Drive Golf channel broadcast social media phenomena, and conduct live and on-air Ice Buckets. Challenge.
Soon after, the challenge was brought to the mainstream when television anchor Matt Lauer conducted the Ice Ember Challenge on July 15, 2014, at NBC's The Today Show on the challenge of Greg Norman.
On the same day, golfer Chris Kennedy challenges, then challenges his cousin Jeanette Senerchia from Pelham, New York, whose husband, Anthony, has an ALS for 11 years. The Kennedy challenge is the first example of the challenge associated with ALS. Currently, the challenge is not directly linked to ALS. Participants will donate to charities of their choice.
Pat Quinn, who befriended Facebook with Senerchias, encouraged his friends to take on the challenge, and soon afterwards, Pete Frates began posting about the challenges on Twitter. Frates was awarded Stephen Heywood Patient Today Award in 2012 for his fundraising and advocacy work. The Boston College and Fates' sports connection became the initial focus of the challenge and strengthened its focus on the ALS. Both Quinn and Frates perform challenges to support the Institute for the Development of ALS Therapy. After its beginning with Peter Frates, the movement became viral in the Boston area which showed more number of posts than any other region in the United States.
In his video, Stephen Hawking refused to challenge the pneumonia the year before; However, his three children took the challenge for him.
US President Barack Obama, challenged by Ethel Kennedy but refused, chose to contribute to the campaign with a $ 100 donation. Justin Bieber (criticized for not challenging correctly), LeBron James, and "Weird Al" Yankovic also challenged President Obama after completing the Ice Bucket Challenge. Former President George W. Bush completed the challenge and nominated fellow former President Bill Clinton. British Prime Minister David Cameron was challenged by Alex Salmond and Russell Brand, but also refused help.
Challenge Success
The Ice Bucket Challenge is a successful campaign. The combination of competitiveness, social media pressure, online narcissism, and low barriers to entry led to more than 2.4 million tagged videos circulating on Facebook. Although 40-50% of new donors tend to give only one prize, Challenge to incite a lot of people, videos, and donations. The challenge also benefits from the unique balance of mass interests and individual identification. In using social media as a platform, it accesses people all over the world; in asking participants individually to identify potential candidates - calling them by "tagging" them - it feels personal. Furthermore, the videos are often entertaining. The average participant saves their video in less than a minute, requiring limited commitment from all viewers. Another concept that benefits from Challenge is its ripple effect, an inspirational feature for articles, such as The Guardian ' s 10 More Best Celebrities Bringing the Ice Bucket Challenge. "Despite the success of its marketing, critics suggest that the ease of repeating the chant of a challenge does not raise awareness of what the disease is and who is very dangerous to it.
The success of the challenge prompted the Muscular Dystrophy Association, which also raised funds to combat ALS, to stop its long-running annual telethon, MDA Show of Strength , after the 2014 edition, stating that Ice Challenge Bucket encouraged the MDA to evaluate again how it can connect with the public.
In 2017, Frates published a book about the Ice Bucket Challenge detailing his own experience with ALS as well as his involvement in social movements. Half of the proceeds will go to the Frat family.
Revivals
2015
On August 1, 2015, a group of ALS organizations in the United States, including the ALS Association, relaunched the Ice Bucket Challenge for 2015. The group said they intend to resume the campaign "this August, and every August, until there is a cure (for ALS ) "" We have to finish what started last summer: every August until there is a cure, "said Barb Newhouse, President and CEO of ALS Association.
The 2015 campaign receives Major League Baseball support, with each club setting up its own Challenge branch and then nominating another franchise, along with two other local organizations or personalities, to participate in the Challenge. "We are very pleased and grateful to have every Major League Baseball team support us this year," commented Frates.
The celebrity participants in the 2015 challenge include Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker taking the challenge while wearing a "Free Brady" shirt (calling for the lifting of a suspension given to Tom Brady from New England Patriots over Deflategate), Bieber once again, actor Hugh Jackman (late in early September 2015) and actress Renee Zellweger who, responding to criticism of the challenge to waste water under conditions of drought, uses water from the trough drinking in the stables while standing on a trough to ensure every last drop is recycled back to its original source. President Barack Obama also received another nomination, this time by former New Orleans Saints player Steve Gleason (himself diagnosed with ALS). Republican Donald Trump's Republican candidate, despite challenges in 2014, firmly rejected the 2015 nomination of Boston mayor Marty Walsh, labeled Walsh a "clown" and suggested that Boston "get a new mayor."
In the UK, the MND Association refused to revive the challenge. "We feel we are collecting huge sums of money and awareness last summer.While people may want to do it again, we will not say please do it again," said Chris James, associate director of external affairs. Instead, the Association runs the "Last Summer" campaign commemorating the community's efforts with challenges, including the testimony of ALS sufferers. Despite the reluctance of the MND Association, the soap opera players of Hollyoaks remain challenged, nominating other soap players, Casualty . Eddie Redmayne, who has been nominated by Zellweger, also accepted the challenge for the second year, recording his video in London and nominating Charlie Cox, who is doing the 2015 challenge in New York. The attempt to break the world record for the greatest number of people simultaneously taking on the challenge took place on September 6, 2015 at Tewkesbury as part of a fundraiser for Winton's Wish's childhood charity. In the event, the world record of 428 remained untouched but a new British record of 248 people was set. TV presenter Eamonn Holmes made a challenge in early October on this morning after announcing he would do so while hosting the Pride of Britain Awards a few days earlier.
In early October, it was reported that the 2015 challenge has generated $ 500,000 compared to the $ 115 million raised by the 2014 challenge. The latest figures were reported by the ALS Association in mid-October as $ 1,000,000, with a survey by Treato health analysts showing that only 14% donors from 2014 donated again by 2015.
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Australian Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce challenges in 2016, nominates his colleague Michael McCormack, Minister for Small Business and is responsible for the controversial 2016 Census. Fellow Australian MP Adam Marshall also made the challenge. New variant on this year's challenge, "What's In Your Bucket?" challenging, featuring ice cube replacements with other substances, including ketchup, spaghetti, pickles, beer, baby powder, coffee, and sand. Further efforts on the world record for the largest Ice Bucket Challenge in Buffalo, New York attracted 650 participants, 71 short of existing 721 records.
2017
Charlie Baker, governor of Massachusetts, formalizes the annual challenge by signing a bill that states the first week of August of each year to become Ice Bucket Challenge Week. MND South Australia held an Ice Bucket Challenge campaign in February (during the southern hemisphere summer) the Pete Frates family joined the Boston Police Department to hold an Ice Bucket Challenge event on August 27th where family members and officers participated.
2018
The 2018 awakening began in July in Seoul, South Korea to raise funds to build Korea's first specialized hospital for ALS patients.
Maps Ice Bucket Challenge
Rules
Within 24 hours of being challenged, participants must record their own videos on a continuous recording. First, they announce their acceptance of the challenge, followed by pouring ice into a bucket of water. Then, the bucket should be lifted and poured over the head of the participants. Then the participants can nominate at least three other people to participate in the challenge.
Whether people choose to contribute, challenge, or do both varies.
In one version of the challenge, participants are expected to contribute $ 10 if they pour ice water over their heads or donate $ 100 if they do not. In the English version, the people who do the challenge donate Ã, Â £ 3 and those who do not do it pay Ã, Â £ 10. In other versions, throwing ice water over the heads of the participants is done in lieu of donations, which causes some criticism against the challenge being a form of "slacktivism". Many participants donated $ 100 in addition to challenges.
Impact
Awareness
In mid-2014, the Ice Bucket Challenge became viral on social media, particularly in the United States, with people, celebrities, politicians, and athletes posting their own videos online and on TV participating in the event. According to The New York Times, people shared over 1.2 million videos on Facebook between June 1 and August 13 and mentioned the phenomenon more than 2.2 million times on Twitter between July 29 and 17 August. At its peak, the challenge generated over 70,000 tweets per day with tags like #IceBucketChallenge, #ALSIceBucketChallenge, and #StrikeOutALS. Mashable calls the phenomenon "Harlem Shake of the summer".
Prior to the challenge, public awareness about the disease of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was relatively limited; The ALS Association states that before the challenge became viral only half the Americans had heard of the disease, often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's disease", after famous baseball player Lou Gehrig, who publicly revealed his diagnosis in 1939. After the Ice Challenge Bucket became viral in the media social, public awareness and charitable donations for ALS soaring charities. Hits to the English Wikipedia article on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis grew from an average of 163,300 views per month to 2.89 million views in August 2014, and similar increases occurred on the German and German Wikipedia.
Donations
Within weeks of the challenge of becoming viral, The New York Times reported that the ALS Association has received $ 41.8 million in donations from over 739,000 new donors from July 29 to August 21, more than doubling $ 19.4 million association received during the year ending January 31, 2013. On August 29, the ALS Association announced that their total contribution since July 29 has exceeded $ 100 million. The ALS Association is just one of several ALS-related charities that have benefited from this challenge:
While the Ice Bucket Challenge is generated a lot in donations, research shows that most participants do not really contribute. In the UK, one out of every six people participates, but only ten percent of the participants are donated, according to the Charitable Aid Foundation. The percentage is higher in the US, but the majority still do not contribute.
In July 2015, Huffington Post reported on the ALS Association summary of how the funds collected through the Ice Bucket Challenge were shared. Percentage, 67% of all funds (about $ 77 million) were used for research, 20% for patients and community services, 9% for public and professional education, 2% for additional fundraising, and 2% for external processing fees.
Research
On July 25, 2016, the ALS Association announced that, thanks in part to contributions from the Ice Bucket Challenge, the University of Massachusetts Medical School has identified the third gene that is the cause of the disease. Project MinE, the global gene sequencing effort to identify genetic driver ALS, receives $ 1 million from challenges, enabling them to expand the scope of their research to include new sources in new parts of the world. Having identified the relationship between the genes, NEK1, and ALS will enable new genes targeted for the development of therapy, as well as the development of focused drugs.
Influences
Several other challenges have been created and published as a result of the publicity of the Ice Bucket Challenge. The My Tree Challenge is an activity launched in Kerala consisting of tree planting and challenging others to do so. The My Tree Challenge is preceded by the Book List Challenge, started by a Facebook user, where users post a list of the books they read the most and love. The Challenge of Rice Ember, which began in India in late August 2014 and then spread to other South Asian countries, was also partly a response to the waste of the Ice Bucket Challengee. "Pie In The Eye Challenge" challenges the nominated person to receive the cake on his face. One of these special occasions, by the end of 2016 the Pie Challenge Waiter, was initiated by the Music Waiters players to raise awareness of breast cancer. The Milk Bucket Challenge in which milk is poured over the nominated person, held in August 2015 by British dairy farmers to raise awareness of their financial difficulties. The Rubble Bucket Challenge, started by Jordanian comedian Mohammed Darwaza, involves throwing sand buckets and rocks over a person's head. This challenge is increasingly popularized by Palestinian journalist Aymal al Aloul, and aims to raise awareness of Gazans who lost their homes in the ongoing conflict with Israel. The Love Bucket Challenge, started by Kerala Malayala Manorama newspaper encourages people to fill the bucket with items to donate to the orphanage. Challenge Kaapi uses coffee, and is a challenge done primarily by the Chennai Super Kings to commemorate the 375th anniversary of the city of Chennai.
Criticism
A number of critics appear related to the campaign, accusing him of being self-congratulated, focusing primarily on fun rather than donating money to charity, and replacing trivial activities for more sincere involvement in charitable activities. Writing in The Daily Telegraph, Willard Foxton described the challenge as a "middle-class wet sweat contest for the click-seats", and Evening Standard Magazine says that "it has become less about raising funds and all about showing off your star-pulling powers ".
On August 28, 2014, it was reported that the ALS Association had filed an application for the trademark the term "ice bucket challenge", but the app was withdrawn amid criticism a day later.
Importance of cause
William MacAskill, Vice President of Giving What We Can, an organization that advocates people to engage in more effective altruism, is critical of the Ice Bucket Challenge, citing two major objections. First, he argues that the Ice Bucket Challenge produces "cannibalism funding": "for every $ 1 we raise, 50 Â ¢ will be donated as well". Related, MacAskill argues that the challenge of encouraging moral licensing, in which people involved in a single action they deem good may feel more licensed to engage in bad behavior. MacAskill's sections met with considerable critical urges, and he published a follow-up a few days later suggesting the Ice Bucket Challenge for the causes he considered more important and cost-effective to support. Citing a study from GiveWell, MacAskill gave an example of a donation to the Malaria Fight Foundation to end malaria. MacAskill snippets quoted in Forbes , Nonprofit Quarterly , and Boston Review .
Julia Belluz at Vox.com wrote a piece with similar criticism, connecting to the MacAskill section. Belluz noted that funding for illness is often not worth the amount of deaths caused by the disease. He also noted that contributing to developing the world's health causes can provide far greater health value than donating to the treatment of rare diseases, a common observation in an effective altruism movement.
In the BBC More or Less podcast, Harford's Tim Harford discusses the Ice Bucket Challenge and how to choose the best charity, referring to the work by GiveWell. He himself participated in the Ice Bucket Challenge, contributing to the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative. Ben Carter and Keith Moore wrote an article for the BBC News news about the arguments made in the podcast.
Use of donated funds
Retired professional wrestler Lance Storm dismissed the challenge despite being nominated twice, and posted a note on his official website stating that most of the money donated was used for promotion and advertising from the ALS Association, while the remaining amount (at most 25% of what was donated) "would go in. into the pockets of Big Pharma ", which has been doing ALS research and therefore inflates their already very high profits. Storm then commented that it would be better to really help someone with ALS and donate money directly to ALS patients. The ALS Association responded to similar criticisms by saying that 79% of their annual budget was spent on the program last year.
Members of the pro-life movement, such as Lila Rose of Live Action, criticized the donation to the ALS Association, for using embryonic stem cells in the ALS study. Associated organizations such as the Family Research Council suggested that people participating in the Ice Ember Challenge instead donate money to the Midwest Cell Therapy Center, the Mayo Clinic, and the John Paul II Medical Research Institute, all three running clinical trials with adult stem cells. , rather than the embryo. The archdiocese of Cincinnati, with its 113 schools also recommended individuals participating in the Ice Bucket Challenge to donate to such groups, but not to the ALS Association "said funding of embryonic stem cell research is" in direct conflict with Catholicism. ""
PETA criticized the Ice Bucket Challenge of the ALS Association, saying that money raised through fundraising will be used to fund "ancient and painful tests on animals." Russell Simmons, Pamela Anderson, and Grimes, among other celebrities, also criticized the AlS Association's fundraising for its support of animal testing. Anderson wrote on his Facebook page, "Trying to cure human diseases by relying on old-fashioned and ineffective animal experiments is not just cruel - it's a big disadvantage for people in dire need of medicine."
Focus on action rather than donation
American acrobat and TV personality, Steve-O, questioned the campaign, pointing out that celebrity videos generally forget to share donation information for the ALS charity, and that the initial $ 15 million fund is insignificant, given the star power of the participating celebrities. He noted that, from the videos he saw, only Charlie Sheen and Bill Gates mentioned that the point was to donate money. Similar criticisms were made by Jacob Davidson in Time Magazine and by Arielle Pardes at Vice. The more charities seem to compete with each other to see which charities receive the most donations. This is a problem because competitive fundraising destroys the value of the social sector as a whole.
Health risks
On August 22, 2014, Dr. Brian O'Neill, a doctor at the Detroit Medical Center, warned that the challenge may have adverse health effects on participants, including potentially triggering a vagal response that may, for example, cause people's unconsciousness. taking blood pressure medication. A number of participants suffered injuries, and at least one death has been linked to the challenge, with other thinking coming from a variety of challenges, jumping first into the water.
"Michael's Story" poster
"Michael's Story" is a campaign poster of the 2015 Summer's first summer "Summer" Summer campaign featuring Michael Smith. He did not participate in the Ice Bucket Challenge and was later diagnosed with motor neurone disease. This has caused controversy, with some critics saying that the poster implies that Smith has deserved to suffer from his illness because previously he did not participate. The claim was strongly denied by the Association and by Smith himself.
Dispose of water
Meteorologist Jason Samenow estimates that during peak popularity of movement in 2014, the equivalent of 5,000,000 gallons of water will be used for the challenge. This calculation assumes that on average one 4 gallon water bucket is used per video for the 1.2 million challenge videos posted during that time.
In January 2014, Governor Jerry Brown (CA) stated California was in a state of drought. This state of emergency still exists when the Ice Bucket Challenge becomes the most popular, and many local news stations in California are taking to criticize the unnecessary waste of the Challenge. Also at a time in China, various regions (including important crop-producing Henan provinces) experienced extreme drought months during the summer of 2014. On August 22, 2014, Henan residents stood together to protest the challenge, with signs saying "Henan, please say 'NO' to the Ice Bucket Challenge. "
To prevent urination by using drinking water, many are doing the ALS Ice Ember Challenge using natural water sources. Carole King takes on the challenge of using the river water that is immediately restored to the river, and Killer Clown, the YouTube personality, takes the challenge of using rainwater. In response to criticism in California, some Californians have challenged using dirt instead of water.
Some ALS organizations, such as the ALS Institute for Therapeutic Development, have published guidelines for the Ice Bucket Challenge to minimize water use with alternatives, such as "filling a bucket with socks."
See also
- Winter swimming
References
External links
- Video: Pat Quinn's interview on the subject of "Hype", for the MOTI Museum
- ALS Association page
- Ice Bucket Challenge: Participant and Nominee's Celebrity Chart
- Ice Bucket Challenge World Records in India
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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